The Bible Sojourner

How did people in the Old Testament understand God’s Word, and what can their example teach Christians about interpreting the Bible today? In this third installment of the hermeneutics series, Dr. Peter Goeman examines an often overlooked starting point for biblical interpretation: how Old Testament believers understood and responded to God’s revelation.
From God’s covenant with Noah to Joseph’s confidence in the promises to Abraham, Dr. Goeman explores why the details of God’s words matter. He also examines Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice Isaac, Deuteronomy’s tests for identifying false prophets, and specific prophecies fulfilled within Old Testament history. These examples build a case for interpreting Scripture according to the author’s intended meaning, even when questions remain about how God’s promises fit together. The episode concludes with encouragement for ordinary Christians to study Scripture confidently.
Time Stamps
00:00 Introduction and the Importance of Authorial Intent
08:45 God’s Covenants: Noah, the Flood, and the Rainbow
17:08 The Abrahamic Covenant and Joseph’s Confidence
23:01 Abraham and Isaac: Trusting God amid Tension
28:00 Testing Prophets: Deuteronomy 13 and 18
37:16 Why God Gives Prophecy: Isaiah 45–46
43:03 Prophecy #1: Josiah and the Altar at Bethel
47:29 Prophecy #2: Judgment on Eli’s House and the Rise of Zadok
52:39 Prophecy #3: Joshua’s Curse on Rebuilding Jericho
53:33 Prophecy #4: The Division of Solomon’s Kingdom
55:29 Prophecy #5: The Death of Jeroboam’s Son
58:15 What These Examples Teach about Reading Scripture
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If authorial intent determines the meaning of Scripture, how can we actually know what a biblical author intended to communicate? In this second episode of the Hermeneutics 101 series, we look at how the text gives us access to authorial intent through grammar, vocabulary, historical context, genre, and normal conventions of human communication. Along the way, we consider Humpty Dumpty’s famous approach to language, the difference between literal and literalistic interpretation, how context determines the meaning of words, and why later biblical authors should not be used to erase the original meaning of earlier texts. Finally, we turn to an often-neglected aspect of biblical interpretation: the spiritual character of the interpreter and the importance of humility, repentance, prayer, and submission to Scripture.
Timestamps
0:00 – Introduction
0:53 – Who Controls Meaning: Author, Text, or Reader?
3:15 – Meaning, Interpretation, and Significance
5:44 – Does Authorial Intent Guarantee Interpretive Certainty?
8:16 – How the Text Gives Us Access to Authorial Intent
11:18 – Humpty Dumpty and Who Controls the Meaning of Words
14:34 – Can the New Testament Change the Meaning of the Old Testament?
19:24 – Why the Same Word Does Not Always Mean the Same Thing
24:11 – What Is the Grammatical-Historical-Literal Hermeneutic?
37:48 – The Spiritual Requirements for Interpreting Scripture
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How can two people read the same passage of Scripture and reach entirely different conclusions? In the first episode of this Hermeneutics 101 series, Peter Goeman explains what hermeneutics is, how it differs from exegesis, and why interpretation is never as automatic as we might assume. He distinguishes meaning from application, considers whether the reader, text, or author controls meaning, and examines the problems with the idea that God intended meanings unknown to the human authors. Ultimately, sound hermeneutics is essential for preserving the clarity and authority of God’s Word.Time Stamps
0:00 Introducing Hermeneutics 101
3:09 The “hermeneutical switch” behind theological disagreements
6:08 What is hermeneutics?
7:33 Hermeneutics versus exegesis
8:29 Why interpretation is not automatic
13:11 From hermeneutics to exegesis, theology, and application
15:01 Essential terms for biblical interpretation
17:37 One meaning, many applications
23:52 Getting the right doctrine from the wrong text
28:37 Who controls meaning: reader, text, or author?
34:57 When a community controls interpretation
37:08 Can a biblical text have multiple meanings?
44:00 The divine author, human author, and sensus plenior
48:40 Why a “fuller meaning” makes interpretation unstable
55:29 The confluence of divine and human authorship
56:31 Why sound hermeneutics matters
1:04:08 Can the Old Testament be understood without the New?
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Does the Old Testament really teach a future for national Israel? In this episode, Peter Goeman walks verse-by-verse through Jeremiah 32, arguing that one of the clearest prophetic passages in Scripture leaves little room to deny God's future restoration of Israel. Along the way, he examines church history, prophetic interpretation, the New Covenant, and why fulfilled prophecy provides the pattern for understanding prophecy that is still future.Time Stamps
00:00 Introduction: Does Israel Have a Future?
01:20 Why Many Christians Rejected Israel's Future
07:20 The Niagara Bible Conference and the Return to Scripture
10:50 Jeremiah 32: Judgment Before Restoration
20:30 The New Covenant and Israel's Future
28:10 Jeremiah 32:42—The Verse That Changes Everything
38:00 Why Israel's Future Still Matters Today
Michael Vlach on Spiritual Vision vs New Creation Model: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HL_zdh7Tv6M
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Do these twenty questions expose fatal problems with dispensationalism? Critics argue that dispensational theology cannot adequately explain key Bible passages concerning Israel and the church, the kingdom of God, Daniel’s seventieth week, the pretribulation rapture, biblical prophecy, and the New Covenant. In this episode, Peter Goeman works rapidly through twenty common objections to dispensationalism and asks whether they genuinely overturn the system.

Along the way, he examines covenant theology, the interpretation of Old Testament prophecy, the “last trumpet,” the timing of the rapture, the future of Israel, and the relationship between the church and the New Covenant. Some questions raise legitimate issues, while others depend upon misunderstandings or outdated caricatures. Ultimately, the question is not whether the label “dispensationalism” can survive criticism, but whether its central beliefs accurately reflect what Scripture teaches.

Time Stamps:
00:00 — Introduction
3:25 — 1. Did Anyone Believe Dispensationalism Before Darby?
7:29 — 2. Do the Apostles Interpret the Old Testament Dispensationaly?
10:34 — 3. Why Is Israel Called an Assembly of Peoples?
14:43 — 4. Are There Two Peoples of God or One Flock?
17:47 — 5. Does Matthew Identify Jesus as Israel?
18:43 — 6. Was the Gospel Preached to Abraham?
21:35 — 7. Why Insert a Gap Before Daniel’s Seventieth Week?
25:57 — 8. Is a Prophetic Gap Consistent with Literal Interpretation?
26:25 — 9. How Can the Rapture Occur Before the “Last Trumpet”?
29:33 — 10. Does 2 Thessalonians 2 Contradict a Pretribulation Rapture?
34:09 — 11. Did Jesus Pray Against a Pretribulation Rapture?
34:51 — 12. Have the Last Days Already Begun?
36:13 — 13. Did Jesus Say the Kingdom Had Already Come?
41:25 — 14. Is the Kingdom Like a Mustard Seed or David’s Kingdom?
43:55 — 15. Is Christ’s Kingdom Earthly or “Not of This World”?
47:08 — 16. Was the Kingdom Already in Their Midst?
47:37 — 17. Did John the Baptist Fulfill the Promise of Elijah?
50:28 — 18. Did Pentecost Fulfill Joel’s Prophecy?
52:20 — 19. Does Hebrews 8 Apply Israel’s New Covenant to the Church?
54:52 — 20. Did the Old Testament Prophets Understand Their Prophecies?

Article Being Reviewed: https://johncarpenter.substack.com/p/twenty-questions-for-dispensationalists
If you have found the podcast helpful, consider ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠leaving a review on Itunes⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠rating it on Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also find ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠The Bible Sojourner on Youtube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Consider passing any episodes you have found helpful to a friend.
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Visit⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ shepherds.edu⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for more on Shepherds Theological Seminary where Dr. Goeman teaches.