Supreme Court Decision Syllabus (SCOTUS Podcast)

• Diamond Alternative Energy, LLC v. EPA (ARTICLE 3 STANDING, ADMIN LAW)

  Send us a texthttps://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/24-7_8m58.pdf

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  9:31
• ESTERAS v. UNITED STATES (Revocation of Supervised release/factors courts may and may not consider)

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  10:51
• United States v. Skrmetti (Transgender Treatment)

  Send us a textIn 2023, Tennessee joined the growing number of States restricting sex transition treatments for minors by enacting the Prohibition on Medical Procedures Performed on Minors Related to Sexual Identity, Senate Bill 1 (SB1). SB1 prohibits healthcare providers from prescribing, administering, or dispensing puberty blockers or hormones to any minor for the purpose of (1) enabling the minor to identify with, or live as, a purported identity inconsistent with the minor’s biological sex, or (2) treating purported discomfort or distress from a discordance between the minor’s biological sex and asserted identity. At the same time, SB1 permits a healthcare provider to administer puberty blockers or hormones to treat a minor’s congenital defect, precocious puberty, disease, or physical injury. Three transgender minors, their parents, and a doctor challenged SB1 under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The District Court partially enjoined SB1, finding that transgender individuals constitute a quasi-suspect class, that SB1 discriminates on the basis of sex and transgender status, and that SB1 was unlikely to survive intermediate scrutiny. The Sixth Circuit reversed, holding that the law did not trigger heightened scrutiny and satisfied rational basis review. This Court granted certiorari to decide whether SB1 violates the Equal Protection Clause. Held: Tennessee’s law prohibiting certain medical treatments for transgender minors is not subject to heightened scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and satisfies rational basis review. 

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  12:06
• Rivers v. Guerrero (Habeus Petition)

  Send us a textRivers v. GuerreroPetitioner Danny Rivers was convicted in Texas state court of continuous sexual abuse of a child and related charges. After unsuccessfully seeking direct appeal and state habeas relief, Rivers filed his first federal habeas petition under 28 U. S. C. §2254 in August 2017, asserting claims of prosecutorial misconduct, ineffective assistance of counsel, and other constitutional violations. The District Court denied the petition in September 2018, and Rivers appealed to the Fifth Circuit, which granted a certificate of appealability on his ineffective-assistance claim in July 2020. While his appeal was pending, Rivers obtained his trial counsel’s client file, which contained a state investigator’s report that he believed was exculpatory. After the Fifth Circuit denied his request to supplement the record on appeal, Rivers filed a second §2254 petition in the District Court based on this newly discovered evidence. The District Court classified this second-in-time filing as a “second or successive” habeas application under §2244(b) and transferred it to the Fifth Circuit for authorization to file. Rivers appealed the transfer order, and the Fifth Circuit affirmed, holding that the fact that Rivers’s first petition was still on appeal did not permit him to circumvent the requirements for successive petitions under §2244 as to his second filing. Held: Once a district court enters its judgment with respect to a firstfiled habeas petition, a second-in-time filing qualifies as a “second or successive application” properly subject to the requirements of §2244(b). Pp. 5–14. Read by Jeff Barnum. 

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  7:05
• Commissioner v. Zuch (Tax Court Jurisdiction)

  Send us a textCommissioner v. ZuchThis case involves the jurisdiction of the United States Tax Court over appeals from collection due process hearings when there is no longer an ongoing levy. The dispute here began in 2012, when Jennifer Zuch and her then-husband Patrick Gennardo each filed an untimely 2010 federal tax return. Gennardo subsequently submitted an offer in compromise to resolve outstanding tax liabilities. This offer implicated $50,000 in estimated tax payments that the couple had previously sent to the IRS; following the offer, the IRS applied these payments to Gennardo’s account. For her part, Zuch later amended her 2010 tax return to report additional income, which resulted in an additional $28,000 in taxes due. But Zuch maintained that the IRS should have credited the couple’s $50,000 payment to her account, entitling her to a $22,000 refund. The IRS disagreed and sought to collect her unpaid taxes by placing a levy on her property pursuant to its authority under 26 U. S. C. §6331(a). Zuch requested a collection due process hearing to contest the levy. The appeals officer rejected Zuch’s argument about the misapplied $50,000 tax payment and issued a Notice of Determination sustaining the levy action under §6330(c)(3). Zuch then appealed to the Tax Court under §6330(d)(1). During the multi-year proceedings before the agency and the Tax Court that followed, Zuch filed several annual tax returns showing overpayments. Each time, the IRS applied these overpayments to her outstanding 2010 tax liability rather than issuing refunds. Once Zuch’s liability reached zero, the IRS moved to dismiss the Tax Court proceeding as moot, arguing that the Tax Court lacked jurisdiction because the IRS no longer had a basis to levy on Zuch’s property. The Tax Court agreed. But on appeal, the Third Circuit vacated the dismissal, holding that the IRS’s abandonment of the levy did not moot the Tax Court proceedings. Held: The Tax Court lacks jurisdiction under §6330 to resolve disputes between a taxpayer and the IRS when the IRS is no longer pursuing a levy. 

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  7:34

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