The State Of Belief

We’ve been looking at the war on Iran through the wrong lens, according to Iranian-American religion scholar Reza Aslan. It’s tempting to think that economic sanctions or military strikes will change Iran’s course overnight. But Reza’s words on The State of Belief challenge that assumption, revealing a deeper truth about history, identity, and the illusions we cling to.

Reza shares a striking story from his book on Howard Baskerville, the American missionary who fought alongside Iranians in 1907, to the century-long struggle for freedom that defines Iran’s modern history. More than just a series of revolutions, these events are part of an enduring quest for dignity and sovereignty—a fight that has repeatedly been undermined by foreign interference and internal repression.

Most surprising is how he dismantles the myth that religion uniquely dictates Iran’s actions. “Religion is just one part of identity,” he explains. “It’s used by regimes for control, but it doesn't inherently define the country’s trajectory.” That shift in perspective is illuminating. It reminds us that Iran’s complex history of democracy protests—dating back to 1905—has always been about Iranians asserting their right to shape their future. Yet, external powers have consistently interfered, from Britain in 1905 to the CIA-backed coup of 1953, and now, the current military escalation.

Reza sounds a warning for those celebrating the fall of the Supreme Leader: external attacks are a most effective way to rally internal support, invoking the surge in support for George W. Bush in the immediate aftermath of 9/11 as one relatable example. He challenges us to let go of simplistic hopes that bombs or sanctions will transform Iran overnight. Real change, Reza suggests, comes from within—and it will take generations, because history is not so much context as it is fuel for ongoing resistance and conflict.

MORE ABOUT REZA ASLAN:

Reza Aslan is a scholar of religion, a best-selling author, a college professor, and a public intellectual who has a gift for making complex religious history accessible to broad audiences. Reza's books include Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth, and Beyond Fundamentalism: Confronting Religious Extremism in the Age of Globalism. He has hosted television programs exploring religion and culture, such as Believer with Reza Aslan.

Born in Iran, living in Los Angeles, Reza brings a depth of understanding to the current situation that is important to explore. The nuance he brings is expressed in a moving New York Times essay titled, The Mistake That Iranians Make About America.
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Virility and victimhood – how do these seemingly opposite characteristics prop up strongman leaders throughout recent history? Expert and best-selling author Dr. Ruth Ben-Ghiat connects the dots in a conversation full of wisdom and, ultimately, hope that the current attempt at authoritarian rule in the United States is on the decline.

The author of Strongmen: from Mussolini to Today, Ruth makes clear that war is often a cold-blooded tool of authoritarians – particularly if they see other means of consolidating power no longer work. Religious and spiritual language is also a near-universal tool in the strongman’s arsenal, making American Christian Nationalism just more of the same for anyone looking closely at the history of authoritarianism in the past century or so.

Inevitability is a cornerstone of the image projected by strongman propaganda. As Ruth points out in her book, The authoritarian playbook has no chapter on failure. And so self-delusion is an important part of keeping an authoritarian takeover in motion: nobody can stop this. In fact, most people are enthusiastically supportive of anything we do (regardless of what the polls say – sound familiar?)

So what hope is there for effective opposition? Ruth emphasizes that nonviolence is essential, and that collective action is required to break the hold most strongmen have over their followers and foes alike. With concrete historical examples and accessible explanations of what’s really happening today, she doesn’t shy away from making clear how high the stakes are – but also how real the possibility of shepherding our intact democracy through this crisis is.

 

More About Ruth Ben-Ghiat

Dr. Ruth Ben-Ghiat is a historian and professor at New York University who specializes in fascism, authoritarianism, propaganda, and democracy protection. Her writing explores how strongman leaders use culture, media, and corruption to consolidate power, in books include Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present. Dr. Ben-Ghiat is a frequent public commentator on threats to democracy in the United States and globally, and shares her insights on her Substack, @lucid.
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As exhausted as many of us are by the ever more sordid revelations in the Epstein scandal, author and journalist Rabbi Jay Michaelson says its importance is only growing. Joining host Rev. Paul Brandeis Raushenbush on this edition of The State of Belief, Jay argues that the way the scandal is being handled is nothing short of a moral referendum, “not just on Donald Trump and on the administration, but, really, on our society as a whole.”

Jay also sounds the alarm about developments in anti-Jewish bigotry in recent months, including an explosion in antisemitism in connection with the Epstein files. He has harsh words for the way responsible voices have been too silent in the face of the conspiracy theories proliferating in the ongoing chaos of the Epstein case.

In the midst of all this, a nationwide attack on LGBTQ+ rights, focusing especially on trans individuals, continues unabated. Among the latest initiatives: 47 right-wing secular and religious organizations, including some big names, are scheming ways to repeal marriage equality in this country. Jay has some thoughts on how the current Supreme Court justices are likely to approach any case involving this issue.

A meditation teacher as well as a rabbi, Jay highlights the concept of despair as a trap. And the importance of staying present and engaged. He also talks about practices that can help sustain us in these challenging times.

Paul also shares his words from the People's State of the Union, attended by a number of members of Congress and organized by MoveOn as an antidote to the theatrics that took place under the rotunda.

More about Jay Michaelson

Rabbi Dr. Jay Michelson is a visiting researcher at Harvard Law School and a field scholar at the Emory Center for Psychedelics and Spirituality. He is also an award-winning journalist whose work has appeared in The Daily Beast, Rolling Stone, and CNN. Jay worked as an LGBTQ activist for 10 years and is the author of 10 books, including God versus Gay: The Religious Case for Equality. These days, he writes a weekly Substack newsletter, Both/And With Jay Michelson, which is a must-read.
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Father Jim Martin’s new memoir, Work in Progress: Confessions of a Bus Boy, Dishwasher, Caddy, Usher, Factory Worker, Bank Teller, Corporate Tool, and Priest, includes plenty of funny stories that are also deeply human, full of honesty and hope. Jim’s always a wonderful guest, and this week he joins host Rev. Paul Brandeis Raushenbush to walk us through some of the memorable moments in this book.

The book opens with stories of summer jobs ranging from dishwasher to factory worker, all while weaving in the idea that God works even in the most mundane places. This is an invaluable reminder that we’re all on a spiritual journey, whether we realize it or not. And the path to faith isn’t a straight line. It’s messy, ongoing, and filled with grace. Honesty is what makes his memoir resonate. It invites us to reflect: where are we still "works in progress"?

Father Jim also takes us through the tumultuous history of America—recalling moments like the Bicentennial, the moon landing, and the Nixon resignation—and connects it to our current time. We’re living in a moment that will surely be remembered as monumental, and Jim’s reflections on truth, history, and the ways we forget or erase it feel especially urgent. Lies and nostalgia can be dangerous when they hide the real stories, especially the stories of marginalized communities.

What’s powerful is how Jim emphasizes that the gospel isn’t about nostalgia or idealized versions of the past; it’s about standing with those on the margins—migrants, refugees, LGBTQ+ folks, and others dehumanized and pushed aside. His stories about engaging with those communities—meeting Pope Francis, speaking at protests, standing with migrants—are inspiring. They’re a reminder that courage isn’t absence of fear but standing with others when it’s hard.

Our lives, our nation, and our faith are all ongoing works. We’re never finished, and that’s the point. Father Jim Martin's reflection on his own moments of reckless youth, and how those stories led him closer to a calling, offers hope to anyone feeling like their journey is incomplete.
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In a time of mounting division and injustice, faith isn’t just a personal refuge—it’s a call to step up and speak out. This week, host Rev. Paul Brandeis Raushenbush is joined by Bishop Dwayne Royster, Executive Director of Faith in Action.

Talk about action—Bishop Dwayne and partners organized a massive, diverse, faith-inspired gathering in Washington, D.C. just days after a series of ICE-related deaths. 450 clergy mobilized in 72 hours, with multiple faith traditions coming together to oppose policies rooted in hate and fear—and almost 60 faith leaders arrested during the peaceful protest. As the bishop describes his own motivation, he subjected himself to arrest “for all my neighbors that don't deserve to be arrested, detained, or deported.” Others visited individual senators’ offices, making over 50 Hill visits to challenge funding for the extremist practices of ICE. It’s all a reminder that faith, when truly grounded, can be a revolutionary force.

With the 250th anniversary of the country this year, Bishop Dwayne has a powerful vision for faith-inspired organizing for the occasion: “We all want to survive and live our best lives, and that requires us to come together, love our neighbors, and build a different story for America.” This underscores once again that our faith and beliefs are a resource of resilience, meant to be shared in action, not just in prayer.

Another layer to this: it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the scale of injustice, but each of us has a role. Whether we march, donate, pray, or hold space for others, our collective effort is what moves the needle. As Bishop Dwayne beautifully put it, “We all have different contributions—some in the streets, some behind the scenes, some in policy, some in prayer.”

That’s a crucial truth—each person’s place in this movement is vital. We can find the testimony that grounds each of us, whether rooted in faith, philosophy, or our own personal convictions. When the moment calls, that’s what will carry us—the belief that your action, no matter how small, is part of a larger and essential whole.

Also, Interfaith Alliance is taking the Trump administration to court. At the top of the show, attorney and Democracy Forward Executive Director Skye Perryman is back to explain this lawsuit, brought with a diverse group of partners, which focuses on the lack of representative pluralism in the makeup of the Religious Liberty Commission.

 

More About Bishop Dwayne

Bishop Dwayne Royster is a faith leader and community organizer who serves as the executive director of Faith in Action, a national network dedicated to grassroots organizing for racial and economic justice. An ordained minister in the Progressive National Baptist Convention, he has spent decades working at the intersection of faith, public policy, and social change.

 

More About Faith in Action

Faith in Action is a grassroots, nonpartisan, global, faith-based organizing network. It works with over a thousand congregations in more than 200 cities and towns through its 46 local and state federations.

 

More About the Lawsuit

A multifaith coalition—including Interfaith Alliance, Muslims for Progressive Values, the Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund, and Hindus for Human Rights—filed a federal lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York challenging the Trump administration’s Religious Liberty Commission. The plaintiffs argue the commission was created and structured in a way that violates federal law and undermines religious pluralism.
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