SEA: Space Exploration & Astronomy

How large is the universe? Where does it begin and end? How does it expand? These are some of the biggest questions of astronomy- and while humanity is so small that we may never be able to fully understand the universe's true scale, advancements in technology are helping us to look ever-deeper into space, towards the edge of our observable universe known as the Cosmic Horizon. Today, we will get to know our universe, its laws, and its awe-inspiring scale above all.

SOUNDTRACK:
Special thanks to Lombus, who allowed me to use his song Doppler Shores in the title screen:
https://lombus.bandcamp.com/track/doppler-shores

Songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
- The Theatrical Poster...: http://chriszabriskie.com/vendaface/
- Unfoldment, Revealment... http://chriszabriskie.com/reappear/
- Cylinder Five: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
- Take Off and Shoot a Zero: http://chriszabriskie.com/stuntisland/
- Oxygen Garden: http://chriszabriskie.com/divider/
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/
Other songs are from the YouTube Audio Library

CHAPTERS:
(00:00) Introduction
(02:23) Defining the Universe
(06:51) The Big Bang
(09:12) The Observable Universe
(10:53) The Hubble Telescope
(11:46) The Hubble Deep Field
(16:49) Cosmic Expansion
(19:40) Redshift
(21:48) The Cosmic Horizon and the Unobservable Universe
(25:36) Accelerating Expansion
(28:29) Dark Energy
(30:14) The End of the Universe

What we perceive to be the edge of our universe is not the actual edge of the universe, with most scientists in agreement that more space lies hidden beyond what we're able to see. Last time out, we travelled to the very edge of our observable universe. But today, we will be going even farther, as we wade out into the darkness of the unobservable universe.
Soundtrack by CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic1823
- Taboo-Inspired Intro Track: https://youtu.be/YA3yfPh38mc
- Strange Days Ahead: https://youtu.be/QaGsRzO-2EA
- The Last Breath: https://youtu.be/AekcHz0ZdjU
- The Monolith: https://youtu.be/XK_iQLGpId0
- ESP Background Track: https://youtu.be/rT2ONCrdtVU
- Encounter: https://youtu.be/vxdlSXZvxL0
- Direct Space: https://youtu.be/G7-3crlxDDE
- Do You Understand: https://youtu.be/BXmPuHqXUzc
- Phonon: https://youtu.be/2Mgk6jem7Zg
- Dark Enigma 13: https://youtu.be/mGFxASTdnhc
- Book of the Dead: https://youtu.be/6X3RYrOy1RE

CHAPTERS:
(00:00) Welcome Back
(01:50) Beyond the Cosmic Horizon
(05:42) The Shape of the Universe
(07:45) Universal Curvature
(12:35) Critically Dense Flat Universe
(15:18) Drawing Triangles on the CMB
(18:52) The Flatness Problem
(22:19) Multiply Connected Universe
(27:19) 4D Hyper Torus
(29:17) Curved on a Large Scale?
(31:50) Cosmic Inflation
(37:09) Closing Statements

Ever wonder what it would be like to fly all the way to the edge of space? Well in this video, we'll be doing just that. Using beautiful images snapped by the Hubble and James Webb telescopes, we will embark on a tour of our universe- venturing deep into the darkness, and uncovering the most jaw-dropping landmarks along the way. This is our journey to the edge of the universe.

SOUNDTRACK [In order of appearance]:
- MindHunter (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/72JbdVDg3q0
- 11:11 at Smith - Ninth Street (Chris Zabriskie)
- Catafalque (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/Bf_24aUbaQ4
- Satanic (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/E_gQrAMVK8U
- Dark Enigma 11 (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/VVbH2gU8TvA
- It Will Make You Feel Better (Chris Zabriskie)
- Dark Enigma 9 (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/rkZg2FCRcjg
- I Refuse to Accept There's Nothing I Can Do About it (Chris Zabriskie):
- Lower Third Hall (Chris Zabriskie)
- Omen (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/C_ejkBhmmJE
Tracks by CO.AG Music and Chris Zabriskie. Songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Re-use Licence. Check out his new album, which was featured in this video: https://chriszabriskie.bandcamp.com
Check out CO.AG's channel, where he uploads loads of cool ambient tracks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

FOOTAGE:
The space scenes in this video were captured using SpaceEngine Pro, a virtual universe simulator:
http://spaceengine.org/
Images of space and scientific visualisations are public domain content, and can be downloaded from NASA's GSFC Visualisation Studio: https://www.nasa.gov/goddard
Other visualisations and images of space provided by the European Southern Observatory [ESO]: https://www.eso.org/public/
Graphic of the Virgo Supercluster by Ethylice4: https://www.deviantart.com/ethylice4
Stock footage sequences provided by Vecteezy.com . Pro License Holder: https://www.vecteezy.com/members/sea-media-stock

CHAPTERS:
(00:00) Welcome
(01:32) What is the Observable Universe?
(05:15) The Local Volume
(10:20) Laniakea Supercluster
(14:24) Sloan Great Wall
(16:30) Active Galactic Nuclei
(19:53) Quasars
(23:00) Quasar Groups in the Deep Universe
(25:55) Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall
(28:14) Cosmic High Noon
(31:44) Re-ionization
(33:35) Farthest Galaxies
(36:35) The Dark Age
(39:19) The Edge of the Universe

In 1998, two teams of scientists measured the universe's rate of expansion, expecting to find it slowing down on route to a collapse. But instead, they found the opposite- the universe's expansion appears to be accelerating, having expanded more in the latter half of its life. In attempting to explain this mysterious behaviour, they revived one Einstein's long-since-forgotten ideas.
Thank you to SpaceWave - Cosmic Relaxation for yet another amazing soundtrack! If you liked this video's music, check it out below:
Dark Energy Soundtrack:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3460Ylt4JEcEiW6PxCH9Q
SpaceWave's Channel: https://youtu.be/XntDsSR38qU

CHAPTERS:
(00:00) Introduction
(02:27) Accelerating Expansion
(05:09) Einstein's Greatest Blunder
(08:26) How Space Expands
(12:11) Redshift & Standard Candles
(17:03) Type 1a Supernova Searching
(19:25) Λ-CDM
(22:08) Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations
(26:27) Future Missions to Study Dark Energy
(28:46) Vacuum Fluctuations
(32:29) Quintessence
(34:43) Phantom Energy
(37:17) The Big Rip

Dark Matter is a theoretical form of invisible mass, which has never been definitively detected. You've probably heard of it before, as it makes up a large part of the physics you find in textbooks. But how can something that's never been seen have so much scientific confidence behind it? Furthermore, if we can't see it, how do we know that it is really there? And if it's not, what are the alternative explanations? These are the questions we will be aiming to answer, as we delve into the Dark Matter mystery.
The soundtrack was created by SpaceWave - Cosmic Relaxation.Listen to the full 2-hour Soundtrack:
https://youtu.be/ZDjXSOkThzk
I listen to his ambient music while I write and was keen to bring him on board. Thank you SpaceWave!
Check out his Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3460Ylt4JEcEiW6PxCH9Q

CHAPTERS:
(00:00) Introduction
(01:53) What is Dark Matter?
(05:00) Signs of Missing Mass
(08:21) Lambda-Cold Dark Matter Model
(11:21) The Early Universe
(14:12) Dark Matter Structures
(20:22) The Bullet Cluster
(24:23) Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
(26:20) Search for Dark Matter
(31:00) Alternative Theories
(32:57) Modified Gravity
(35:31) Entropic Gravity
(38:06) Dark Energy?