Cognitations

• EP #14 | How can Social Media Affect Mental Health? | Amy Orben

  Humans inhabit a social world. With the march of history and the discovery of novel technologies, our ability to socialise has been in a state of constant flux to varying degrees. However, modes of human interaction have undergone a massive shift in the 21st century with the emergence of smartphones and social media platforms.  According to a Pew report, almost half of US teens say that they are online ‘almost constantly’. This is understandably terrifying for the previous generation, especially parents of young people, witnessing this shift in sociality.  Simultaneously, in the current public discourse, claims about the negative impact of these technologies on mental health and cognition are widespread. But what does the relevant science say? What can it say? Should we really be worried? If so, what precisely should these worries be? Today’s guest is here to answer all these questions, or at least some of them.Amy Orben is a Programme Leader Track Scientist at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (CBU) and a Fellow at St. John's College, University of Cambridge. She leads the Digital Mental Health programme at the MRC CBU. She is a multi-award winning psychologist and a world expert on examining how digitalisation & social media use impact adolescent mental health. Prior to leading the digital mental health programme at Cambridge, she completed an MA in Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge before joining the University of Oxford to obtain her DPhil in Experimental Psychology, for which she was awarded the BPS Award for Outstanding Doctoral Research 2019.Book recommended by AmyBehind Their Screens: Carrie James and Emily WeinsteinCredits:Interview: Tanay KatiyarArtwork: Ella BergruEditing: Jay RichardsonMusic: Thelma Samuel and Robin BaradelCommunication: Tanay Katiyar and Marius Mercier

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• EP #13 | Knowledge, Communication & Curiosity | Jennifer Nagel

  Humans are curious creatures who seek out knowledge about every aspect of the world. We also value knowledge to a great degree. Having a good education is very well-perceived and is a priority of many parents. We sometimes take pride in possessing knowledge, and tend to feel embarrassed when our ignorance gets put on display. More fundamentally, many of our social interactions require tracking what others know and signaling what we ourselves know. For instance, discussing politics with a foreigner might require extra care, as our knowledge of social and economic issues might be specialized relative to the contexts in which we grew up. If I learn that my interlocutor knows as much as I do about the political landscape of my home country, the interaction will likely become a lot more fluid. There is more common ground between us. What is knowledge such that it can play this role in conversation? What underlies our obsession with it? How do we develop the capacity to attribute knowledge to others and to understand them?  Jennifer Nagel is a professor of philosophy at University of Toronto. Much of her work has been concerned with topics at the intersection of epistemology and the philosophy of mind, such as mind reading, metacognition and communication. She is the author of Knowledge, a Very Short Introduction, at Oxford University Press.Credits:Interview: Jay RichardsonArtwork: Ella BergruEditing: Jay RichardsonMusic: Thelma Samuel and Robin BaradelCommunication: Tanay Katiyar

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• EP #12 | Understanding Animal Minds | Jacob Beck

  The relationship we sustain with non-human animals is rich and complex. We take care of them, we exploit them, we eat them, and we tell stories about them. The psychological dimensions of this multifaceted relationship are usually taken for granted, but it’s puzzling when you think about it. We don’t bat an eye upon hearing of seductive snakes, gentle, honey loving bears or mystery solving, criminal catching dogs. And yet, when pushed, many of us will readily admit that animals don’t have exactly the same psychological traits and tendencies as humans. How can this be? When we personify animals, are we grasping something real or is it all fiction? How can scientists study the minds of animals? What are the consequences of all of this? Jacob Beck is Research Chair in the Philosophy of Visual Perception in the Department of Philosophy at York University in Toronto. He carried out his doctoral studies at Harvard before a post-doc at Washington University in St Louis and a teaching job at Texas Tech. He has written terrific articles on pre-linguistic forms of representation, and co-edited the Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Animal Minds with Kristin Andrews.  Links to Jacob's popular pieces on animal minds: Can We Really Know What Animals Are Thinking? The Conversation, September 5, 2019 Credits: Interview: Jay Richardson Artwork: Ella Bergru Editing: Jay Richardson Music: Thelma Samuel and Robin Baradel Communication: Tanay Katiyar

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• BONUS EP | Meet The Hosts & Season 2 Announcements

  In this update episode, Tanay and Jay reflect on the journey so far and some special guests crash the show...

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• EP #11 | Human Behavioral Ecology: Putting Depression & Poverty In Context | Daniel Nettle

  Contemporary life is replete with problems. A very salient example of such a problem is depression, which according to the World Health Organization, affected 5% of the global population in 2019. That is 280 million people – a very large number indeed. Another such problem is poverty and inequality. According to the World Bank, around 700 million people live in extreme poverty – an even larger number. Why are these problems on the rise? Are there features of contemporary societies that are exacerbating this problem? Moreover, how do these problems, namely rising inequality and depression, interact? How can an evolutionary and/or behavioral ecology perspective add novel insights to rethinking the source of these problems? Can such insights lead to effective social policies and change? Today’s guest is here to answer these questions, or at least some of them… Daniel Nettle is a behavioral scientist at the Institut Jean Nicod. He has trained both as a psychologist and an anthropologist. He has made many important contributions, spanning many topics across diverse disciplines like biology, psychology, anthropology and more. For example, he has worked on psycholinguistics, the demise of languages, the consequences of smoking, depression, anxiety, epistemological aspects of evolutionary psychology, personality, and the list goes on. He is the author of 9 academic books including Personality: What Makes You The Way You Are, 2007, and Happiness: The Science Behind Your Smile, in 2005.  Credits: Interview: Tanay Katiyar and Jay Richardson Artwork: Ella Bergru Editing: Jay Richardson Music: Thelma Samuel and Robin Baradel Communication: Tanay Katiyar

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