School of War

Edward Fishman, senior fellow and director of the Greenberg Center for Geoeconomics at the Council on Foreign Relations, joins School of War to discuss his New York Times best-selling book, Chokepoints: American Power in the Age of Economic Warfare. How has the United States turned the global economy into a strategic weapon? What are the strengths and limits of sanctions? And how are China, Russia, and Iran adapting to a new era of economic warfare?

02:46 - Edward Fishman's background

04:26 - Understanding economic chokepoints

05:35 - The dollar as a strategic chokepoint

07:02 - Semiconductors as a strategic chokepoint

09:24 - The Iraq embargo and modern sanctions

11:05 - Airpower vs. economic warfare

12:14 - Are sanctions a "nuclear weapon"?

13:23 - America's sanctions strategy toward Iran

14:25 - Trump pulling out of the JCPOA

16:20 - The limits of economic warfare

18:00 - Iran, the Strait of Hormuz, and the MoU

20:44 - Shadow fleets and Iranian oil

22:54 - The evolution of Russia sanctions

27:59 - China and the economic arms race

29:53 - How nations mitigate economic chokepoints

34:20 - What makes a strategic chokepoint?

39:40 - Chokepoints beyond economics

41:05 - Can Iran institutionalize control over the Strait of Hormuz?

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David, a U.S. military veteran who has been fighting voluntarily alongside Ukrainian forces, joins School of War to discuss how four years on the front lines have transformed modern warfare. How has combat in Ukraine changed since Russia’s 2022 invasion? Why have first-person view drones become the defining weapon of the war? What misconceptions does the West still have about the Russian military? And what lessons must the United States absorb before its next major conflict?

02:49 - David’s military history

05:56 - What brought David to Ukraine

07:37 - Russia's failed invasion of Kyiv

10:24 - How Ukraine turned the tide in 2022

17:04 - How Ukraine adapted to Russia's invasion

19:06 - America's role in Ukraine's early success

23:59 - How the battlefield has evolved since 2022

28:15 - Experiencing Russian artillery 

37:22 - From artillery warfare to drone warfare

40:41 - Why FPV drones are terrifying

44:20 - The modern "gray zone" 

49:26 - Why Russia is still a military threat

01:00:49 - What Ukraine must do to survive

01:11:41 - Is the U.S. military learning the right lessons?

01:15:55 - The future of warfare and America's defense industry

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Richard Bell, historian, professor at the University of Maryland, and author of The American Revolution and the Fate of the World, joins School of War to discuss how the American Revolution became a global conflict that stretched from Boston to the Caribbean, Europe, India, and beyond. How did George Washington's strategy force Britain to fight a world war? Why was France's intervention decisive to American victory? And what does the revolution reveal about the nature of coalition warfare?

00:53 - Rick Bell's background

02:05 - The American Revolution was a global war

06:09 - What led to the Boston Tea Party

12:45 - Patriot motivations

14:38 - Who was Edmund Burke?

16:50 - Britain divided over the Revolution

20:47 - Why France backed the Patriots

23:45 - France and Spain vs. Britain

27:01 - The Caribbean: Britain's crown jewel

30:08 - The forgotten theater of the Revolution

35:49 - Washington's global coalition strategy

38:55 - Germany and the Hessian soldiers

41:50 - The Patriots' European officers

43:10 - The myth of guerrilla warfare

44:50 - Final thoughts

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Sal Mercogliano, professor of history at Campbell University and host of the What’s Going on with Shipping YouTube channel, joins the show once again to discuss Iran's renewed attacks on commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz. Why is the ceasefire already beginning to unravel? What is Iran trying to accomplish by asserting control over the strait? And what could the long-term consequences be for global trade, energy markets, and freedom of navigation?

02:11 - New arrangement in the Strait of Hormuz

05:19 - Humanitarian situation for sailors

06:53 - Jobs at sea and AI

08:05 - New rounds of violence

11:02 - Route options for ships

13:30 - Why did the ceasefire break down?

15:05 - Iran asserts control over the strait

16:10 - Why were these ships targeted?

19:08 - Strait of Hormuz as a strategic choke point

21:49 - What Iran learned from the Houthis

23:21 - Why energy prices haven't spiked

28:20 - Impact on developing nations

29:13 - The endgame in the Strait of Hormuz

33:22 - U.S. naval presence in the Gulf

36:26 - Iran's maritime protection racket

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Dr. John Mitani, professor emeritus in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Michigan and recipient of the Charles R. Darwin Lifetime Achievement Award, joins School of War to discuss the violent chimpanzee civil war he documented among the Ngogo chimpanzees in Uganda. What caused one of the world's largest chimpanzee communities to turn on itself? What does chimpanzee warfare reveal about the origins of human conflict? And what separates humans from our closest living relatives?

02:39 - How Dr. Mitani became an ape researcher

04:02 - Why chimpanzees?

05:13 - Humans' closest living relatives

08:38 - The Ngogo chimpanzees

09:31 - The chimpanzee civil war begins

13:35 - Living among wild chimpanzees

17:09 - Territorial patrols and warfare

22:34 - Why the chimpanzee community split

26:26 - How chimpanzees fight

29:14 - The strategy behind chimp warfare

31:24 - Why full stomachs lead to war

33:10 - Land, food, and reproduction

37:27 - Infanticide and the mystery of female survival

39:26 - When civil war becomes permanent

41:13 - What chimpanzees teach us about human nature

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