Vatican II: The Real History

The Protestant Revolt attacked liturgy as well as Catholic doctrine. Peasants in sixteenth-century England went to war to defend the Mass from innovations, while the Council of Trent and Pope St. Pius V confirmed the faithful in their liturgy.

With private judgment replacing Tradition, the sacramental Church and the ministerial priesthood come under attack from the Lutheran revolt, which is strengthened by John Calvin.

Nominalism rejects universal truths to focus on individual particulars that can only be grasped through internal, personal understanding. This outlook shaped both the Franciscan William Ockham and eventually Martin Luther. These ideas laid groundwork for the Protestant Revolt and later revolutions within the Church.

Kabbalah and its Christian counterparts seek knowledge of God beyond traditional notions of Divine Revelation. The incorporation of Kabbalistic ideas into Christianity has driven revolutions against the Church.

Gnosticism, associated with figures like Marcion and the Albigensians, is characterized by three core principles: dualism, the divinization of man, and knowledge as redemption. These ideas plague the Church down to the present time.