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  • Episode722: China's Overseas Bases & the Transition to War, with T.X. Hammes
    The People’s Republic of China continues to expand its already well-established contestation of ownership, access, and control of ports throughout the world.They have done this in parallel with building the world’s largest navy and a diverse set of military capabilities clearly designed with one purpose—defeating the U.S. military in the Indo-Pacific.Returning to Midrats to discuss this and related topics is be T. X. Hammes.T.X. is a distinguished research fellow at the Center for Strategic Research, National Defense University. He served 30 years in the U.S. Marine Corps.Show LinksChina’s exploitation of overseas ports and basesKratos XQ-58 ValkyrieAres anti-ship cruise missileTyphonMWI Podcast: The Future Battlefield, from Europe to the Indo-PacificThe Eastern FrontSummaryIn this conversation, Sal, Mark, and T.X. Hammes discuss the implications of China's global expansion, particularly its military strategy and naval capabilities. They explore how China is leveraging its control over ports and logistics to challenge U.S. dominance in the Indo-Pacific. The discussion also delves into operational planning assumptions for potential conflict with China, the historical context of long wars, and the challenges facing U.S. military readiness. Innovative solutions for naval warfare, the importance of economic exhaustion and sea control, and the role of mines in modern warfare are also examined. The conversation concludes with thoughts on the future of military technology and the potential for leveraging civilian resources in military operations.TakeawaysChina's global expansion poses significant challenges to U.S. interests.The U.S. Navy must adapt to China's growing naval capabilities.China's unconventional use of ports can disrupt global trade.Long wars are historically common between healthy powers.U.S. military readiness is not sufficient for a prolonged conflict.Innovative solutions like missile barges could enhance naval warfare.Economic exhaustion is a critical factor in long-term conflicts.Mines could play a crucial role in modern naval strategy.The focus should shift from platforms to payloads in military planning.Leveraging civilian resources can enhance military capabilities.Chapters00:00: Introduction to China's Global Expansion02:36: China's Naval Capabilities and Strategic Ports10:42: Planning Assumptions for Potential Conflict21:29: Control of the Sea and Economic Exhaustion30:26: Utilizing Merchant Ships in Warfare33:27: Investing in Future Military Technologies35:44: Innovative Solutions for Pacific Defense40:11: The Role of Unmanned Systems in Modern Warfare42:57: Lessons from the Russo-Ukrainian War44:59: Adapting Combined Arms for Modern Conflicts48:44: The Importance of Flexibility in Naval Operations53:10: Building a Resilient Merchant Fleet55:57: Exploring New Strategies for Warfare01:00:50: Future Directions in Military Strategy
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  • Episode 721: Reforming the Pentagon, with Gary Anderson
    With each new administration, there is opportunity for change and reform. In the new Trump Administration, reform isn’t seen as a secondary effect of a leadership change but as a requirement.What reform options should the new Pentagon leadership explore under the Trump Administration?Joining us to discuss this and related topics is Gary Anderson, Colonel, USMC (Ret.). A starting point for our conversation will be his recent article in The American Spectator, Real Military Reform Begins: Will Pete Hegseth be able to reverse our military’s decline.Gary retired as the chief of staff of the Marine Corps Warfighting Lab. He served as a special adviser to the deputy secretary of defense. He is an adjunct professor at George Washington University.SummaryIn this episode, Sal and Mark engage with Gary Anderson to discuss the current state of America's military, focusing on the need for reform and the implications of the Goldwater-Nichols Act. They explore the challenges facing the Marine Corps and Navy, the importance of revitalizing the defense industrial base, and the recent uptick in military morale and recruitment. The conversation also critiques the Force Design 2030 initiative and emphasizes the need for a more effective military education system and logistics support.TakeawaysAmerica's military has been adrift for some time.The rot in military effectiveness goes back decades.The Goldwater-Nichols Act has had unintended consequences.Careerism and ticket-punching are detrimental to military readiness.Morale among military personnel is currently high.The defense industrial base needs revitalization to keep up with adversaries.Military education has shifted focus away from essential warfighting skills.Logistics has been neglected in recent military operations.War games should not be used to validate military concepts without scrutiny.Chapters00:00: Introduction to Military Reform and Change02:35: The State of America's Military10:42: Challenges in Military Education and Careerism18:36: The Need for Honest Feedback in Military Leadership26:16: Revitalizing the Defense Industrial Base29:15: Addressing the Crisis in Submarine Maintenance32:12: Revitalizing the Fleet: Innovative Solutions for Shipbuilding36:18: The Drone Dilemma: Quality vs. Quantity in Warfare41:04: Logistics in Modern Warfare: Lessons from the Past45:17: Morale in the Military: A Shift in Attitude51:15: Leadership Changes: Navigating New Directions54:00: Accountability in Military Decisions: The Need for Integrity58:44: War Games and Military Strategy: The Importance of Honest Analysis
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  • Episode720: Sen. Tim Sheehy on the Challenges and Opportunities Revitalizing the Navy
    Many frustrated by the perceived lack of understanding of our nation’s maritime heritage requirements want new leaders with fresh ideas, unburdened by legacy entanglements. It is hoped that a younger cohort with military experience, preferably naval, in the House of Representatives and the Senate who bring to the job an additional background in business and industry will emerge to promote constructive change.Today’s guest fits the bill perfectly: the new Senator from Montana, Senator Tim Sheehy.Tim Sheehy is a father, husband, combat veteran, patriot, and an entrepreneur. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy class of 2008 with a B.S. in History, Tim completed several deployments and hundreds of missions as a US Navy SEAL Officer and Team Leader, deploying to Iraq, Afghanistan, South America, and the Pacific region. Tim was honored to serve alongside many American heroes and was involved in dozens of engagements with enemy forces, earning him multiple combat decorations. Additionally, Tim completed a joint tour with Army Special Operations forces where he was privileged to complete US Army Ranger School and serve alongside the 5th Special Forces Group, 75th Ranger Regiment and other units within US Army Special Operations Command.Tim completed his active duty service as a mini submarine pilot and navigator specializing in sensitive undersea operations. After his active duty service, Tim fulfilled reserve duty as a recruiter and assessor for future naval officers. Tim was honorably discharged from the Naval Reserve in 2019.In 2014, Tim founded Belgrade-based Bridger Aerospace with all of his savings and an all-veteran team. Under his leadership, Bridger Aerospace and its sister company, Ascent Vision Technologies experienced rapid growth and created hundreds of Montana jobs. Ascent Vision Technologies was acquired by CACI in 2020, and Bridger Aerospace went public on the NASDAQ in 2023.Tim sits on the Senate Armed Services, Veterans’ Affairs, and Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee.SummaryIn this conversation, Senator Tim Sheehy discusses his journey from Naval Academy graduate to U.S. Senator, emphasizing the need for a new generation of leaders in the maritime domain. He highlights the importance of revitalizing the Navy, addressing challenges in shipbuilding, and fostering bipartisan support for maritime strength. The discussion also touches on the need for innovation in naval strategy and acquisition processes, advocating for a shift in mindset towards risk-taking and adaptability in the face of modern challenges.Show LinksOperation Red WingsSix FrigatesThe Fall of KabulTakeawaysTim shares his journey from the Naval Academy to the Senate.The importance of revitalizing the Navy is highlighted.Challenges in shipbuilding and acquisition processes are discussed.Bipartisan support for maritime strength is crucial.Innovation in naval strategy is necessary for future readiness.Quantity in naval assets is as important as quality.A new shipbuilding paradigm is needed to meet modern demands.Risk-taking should be encouraged in military leadership.The Navy's historical context is essential for understanding current challenges.Chapters00:00: Introduction to Maritime Challenges and New Perspectives12:47: Senator Tim Sheehy's Journey: From Navy to Politics18:44: Revitalizing the Navy: Challenges and Opportunities24:37: Acquisition Paradigms and the Future of Naval Strategy
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  • Episode 719: NATO's Maritime North, with Dr. Sebastian Bruns
    Returning for the full hour will be Dr. Sebastian Bruns.Sebastian is a seapower expert and maritime strategist. His current project as Senior Researcher at the Institute for Security Policy Kiel University (ISPK) is “NATO Maritime Strategies and Naval Operations since 1985”, a multi-year effort to explore the Alliance’s maritime and naval roles between the late Cold War and today. Sebastian is the founder of the Kiel International Seapower Symposium (KISS), the Baltic Sea Strategy Forum (BSSF), the “Dreizack” young voices in maritime research workshop, and the ISPK Seapower publication series (NOMOS). From 2021-2022, Dr. Bruns served as the inaugural John McCain-Fulbright Distinguished Visiting Professor at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, teaching Baltic Sea security and U.S. naval strategy to Midshipmen at the Political Science Department. He is a former Congressional staffer (then-Rep. Todd Young, IN-09), a fellow at the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences, and a Non-Resident Fellow at the Royal Navy Strategic Studies Centre.ShowlinksHow much do Nato members spend on defense?Kiel Seapower.West-up map of the Baltic.Kaliningrad.German-Norwegian submarine program.SummaryIn this episode, Sal and Mark welcome Dr. Sebastian Bruhn to discuss the evolving security landscape in the Baltic Sea region, particularly in light of recent Russian activities. They explore NATO's response, the historical context of the Baltic, and the implications of the Kaliningrad exclave. The conversation also touches on the concept of the 'NATO lake', the challenges of gray zone tactics, and the future of naval cooperation and shipbuilding partnerships within NATO.TakeawaysThe Baltic Sea is experiencing increased military activity due to Russian threats.Kaliningrad's strategic position poses significant risks to NATO operations.The concept of the 'NATO lake' may lead to complacency in security measures.Gray zone tactics are complicating maritime security in the Baltic.NATO spending is increasing, particularly among Baltic nations.Germany's naval capabilities are being modernized but remain limited.Coast Guards are playing a crucial role in detaining shadow fleet vessels.Transatlantic shipbuilding partnerships are becoming more important.Historical context is vital for understanding current Baltic security dynamics.Chapters00:00: Introduction to NATO's Maritime North03:40: The Baltic Sea: A Strategic Overview10:04: Historical Context and Current Threats18:38: Kaliningrad: A Geopolitical Challenge21:27: Russian Military Capabilities in the Baltic29:00: Gray Zone Tactics and Hybrid Warfare29:27: Historical Context of Naval Warfare31:40: NATO Spending and Defense Strategies39:17: The Role of Coast Guards in Maritime Security44:40: Bureaucracy and Naval Operations48:03: International Collaboration in Shipbuilding53:15: Maritime Domain Awareness and NATO's Role
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  • Episode 718: March Free for All
    SummarySal and Mark delve into the current state of the U.S. Navy, discussing the size and capabilities of the fleet, the challenges of operating as a two-ocean Navy, and the potential for utilizing alternative naval assets such as offshore supply vessels. They explore the ongoing debate between manned and unmanned aircraft. Discussed some of the lessons on how to turn around a military quickly using the transition from the 1970s malaise, to the Reagan Era victory in the Cold War. The discussion also touches on military leadership, morale, and the strategic importance of aircraft carriers in contemporary military operations.Show Links"Crash Fleet: An Emergency Shipbuilding Program”, by Lieutenant Commander Brian Adornato, USNR.German army struggles to get Gen Z recruits ‘ready for war’, by Laura Pitel.TakeawaysThe U.S. Navy's fleet size is often overestimated.The Navy operates as a two-ocean force, complicating logistics.Alternative naval assets could enhance defense capabilities.The future of naval warfare will involve a mix of manned and unmanned systems.Aircraft carriers remain a cornerstone of naval power.Chapters00:00: Introduction and Overview of the Fleet Discussion01:28: Analyzing the Current Size of the Navy05:40: Challenges of a Two-Ocean Navy07:48: Exploring Alternative Naval Platforms11:58: Possible Role of Offshore Supply Vessels14:47: Historical Context and Lessons Learned18:20: Rethinking Naval Strategy and Resources21:22: Utilizing Reserve Forces Effectively25:02: Future of Aircraft Carriers and Naval Aviation29:59: The Future of Manned vs. Unmanned Aircraft34:38: Military Resource Allocation and Strategy39:35: Generational Perspectives on Military Service in the post Vietnam recovery44:39: Leadership and Military Morale
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Navy Milbloggers Sal from "CDR Salamander" and EagleOne from "EagleSpeak" discuss leading issues and developments for the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard and related national security issues.
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