The MaML Podcast - Medicine & Machine Learning

Dr. Shauna Overgaard is the Senior Director of AI Strategy & Frameworks at Mayo Clinic, where she focuses on applying AI and data science to healthcare. She also founded Clarity - Applied Intelligence and served as an Assistant Professor of Health Informatics and Information Management. She is active in several organizations like the Coalition for Health AI (CHAI) and the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA), and is helping shape the future of AI in healthcare. With over 50 citations to her name, Dr. Overgaard has significantly contributed to AI model documentation, clinical decision support systems, and the ethical implementation of AI in healthcare. Our conversation took place in Fall 2024, and we’re starting to see how a lot of these predictions played out!

00:00 - Intro
04:05 - From rural Canada to a Senior Director at Mayo Clinic
06:30 - Innovation culture at Mayo
09:22 - It takes 17 years for AI to get to the clinic?! 
15:58 - Giving patients ownership over their data
21:24 - Can paying patients for their data make ML models more equitable?
28:55 - Is bias inescapable with AI?
32:19 - Can we make AI more transparent without giving away intellectual property?
35:15 - Worries about AI replacing healthcare workers
36:52 - Silent Trials: beta-testing AI
39:25 - So uh, how’s Rochester?
42:00 - What gives your life meaning?
44:52 - Advice for navigating uncertain times and the AI revolution

Dr. Overgaard: linkedin.com/in/shaunaovergaard/
Host: Nathan Keller
Twitter: @NathanKellerX
Linkedin: linkedin.com/in/nathankeller1

Producer: Saurin Kantesaria & Garima Puri
LinkedIn: Saurin Kantesaria
Linkedin: linkedin.com/in/garimapuri/

Dr. Max Feinstein is a pediatric cardiac anesthesiologist and notably, a successful YouTuber. He has written on topics like AI’s role in future healthcare, vaping’s impact on anesthesiology, and recognizing burnout in medicine. Outside of the operating room, he somehow balances fellowship training, teaching, clinical work, and producing popular YouTube videos, demystifying anesthesia. Today we talk about his winding career path, vision for AI in the operating room, and the ethical implications of technology in modern medicine.

00:00 - Intro
1:16 - From majoring in philosophy to becoming an anesthesia resident 
3:33 - Why medicine? Being a wilderness first responder 
7:26 - Narrowing down a specialty - anesthesiology vs infectious disease
10:17 - What’s wrong with infectious disease?
11:46 - Why peds cardiac anesthesiology?
17:20 - Working and living in a soup kitchen in Colombia
22:29 - Who are all these people interested in anesthesia!?
27:00 - How Max makes videos
31:08 - We already have AI in anesthesia except… 
46:56 - Future job market of anesthesia
50:36 - Consciousness and anesthesia
54:28 - Will AGI really help us?
56:53 - Ensuring patient safety in anesthesia
58:13 - Could AI make burnout worse?
1:02:36 - What gives your life meaning?
1:04:51 - Advice for Medical Students

YouTube - @MaxFeinsteinMD

Host: Nathan Keller
Twitter: @NathanKellerX
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathankeller1/

Producer: Saurin Kantesaria
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/saurin-kantesaria-0a464999

Welcome back David! Dr. David Wu co-founded our podcast back in the height of COVID and is now a radiation oncology resident at Stanford and advisor to an LLM-based startup called Jaide. Since our founding David has been a driving force in communicating the happenings in the medicine and machine learning space and we are excited to talk about his latest efforts in contributing to this area. Jaide uses patient reported outcomes to give physicians access to predictive modeling on disease evolution and eases physician documentation burden using state-of-the-art large language models. 

00:00:00 - Introduction 
00:01:31 - From feeling aimless after undergrad to a Stanford resident and advisor for an AI startup (Jaide)
00:05:31 - The beginnings of Jaide: Using LLMs to document patient outcomes 
00:07:57 -  LLMs in action - the first clinical trial in Brazil
00:11:03 - How do you use Jaide? 
00:12:30 - Could LLMs take away key skills from physicians’ training?
00:15:14 - What if Step 1 was the entry exam to med school? 
00:18:10 - What drew you to Stanford?
00:21:11 - Have you faced criticism/self doubt about pursuing so many things outside of traditional medicine? 
00:23:08 - Why rad onc?
00:26:20 - Best/worst med school and residency experiences - “I’m just gonna become a monk and retire” 
00:29:33 - Will AI replace doctors? AI isn’t even close in this one area.
00:35:06 - The double edged sword of AI
00:38:41 - How did you choose a specialty? Is the impact of AI important? 
00:39:45 - What got you into hip hop/rap? - “Artists make meaning out of suffering” 
00:43:45 - What gives your life meaning?
00:46:55 - What advice do you have for younger people concerned about the impacts of AI on medicine?

Jaide - jaide.care
Twitter - @davidjhwu 

Host: Nathan Keller
Twitter: @NathanKellerX
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathankeller1/

Producer: Saurin Kantesaria
Linkedin: Saurin Kantesaria

Dr. Steven Hart is a Senior Associate Consultant in AI at Mayo Clinic who has played a key role in shaping genomics and digital pathology with GenomeGPS, Mayo Clinic’s primary DNA sequencing workflow. His groundbreaking contributions have led to advancements in understanding inherited cancer risk and improving digital pathology workflows. With over 100 peer-reviewed publications, Dr. Hart’s innovative algorithms are driving efficiency in genetic predisposition testing, reducing unnecessary procedures, and enhancing precision healthcare.

We had some audio issues for this one which we tried to fix but they're still pretty apparent so apologies for that D:!

00:00:00 - Introduction 
00:01:09 - From a factory worker to a leader in AI and medicine
00:05:11 - Proving people wrong as a motivator
00:06:37 - Crazy factory stories
00:07:38 - Why Mayo Clinic?
00:09:52 - Surprising things about Mayo Clinic
00:11:33 - Is Mayo Clinic’s data high quality?
00:12:55 - How to prepare healthcare for AI (and why AI won’t actually have the biggest impact)
00:20:50 - Democratizing pathology with AI 
00:25:38 - Will AI replace pathologists?
00:29:24 - How do you judge how well an embedding works? 
00:33:22 - Reducing expectations for diagnostic AI usage in healthcare
00:36:46 - How do you keep up with the rapidly evolving pace of AI?
00:38:31 - OpenAI o1 and prompt hacking 
00:41:27 - Are we close to artificial general intelligence? 
00:47:03 - How helpful are regulatory agencies like the FDA with translating AI?
00:49:52 - What makes a good question?
00:53:33 - Favorite parts about living in Rochester, MN
00:55:14 - What gives your life meaning? 
00:58:36 - Advice for young people in uncertain times

Host: Nathan Keller
Twitter: @NathanKellerX
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathankeller1/

Producer: Saurin Kantesaria
Linkedin: Saurin Kantesaria

Ran Shaul is the chief product officer and co-founder of K Health. With his robust background as a successful founder, Ran has been pivotal in transforming how we approach medical diagnostics and personalized treatment. Under his leadership, K Health has developed innovative AI-driven solutions, including a partnership with Cedars-Sinai and Mayo Clinic. Ran's dedication to improving the patient experience by leveraging technology is reshaping healthcare delivery, making it more efficient and accessible.

Host: Nathan Keller

Twitter: @NathanKellerX

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathankeller1/

Producer: Saurin Kantesaria

Linkedin: Saurin Kantesaria

00:00 - Introduction 

00:52 - What are 3 patient questions doctors and AI should help answer? 

03:26 - Why does ChatGPT fall short in diagnosing patients? 

07:30 - AI does the tedious stuff so doctors can focus on medicine (K Health’s model) 

09:29 - Combing through 400,000,000 unstructured doctor’s notes 

11:53 - How do you ask the right clinical questions with AI?

15:41 - Putting a clinician in the loop of AI learning

19:21 - “You can have the perfect algorithm…it does not mean it will be used properly in any clinical setting” 

23:27 - The difficulties transitioning from leading a startup to a larger company

26:56 - Telemedicine 2.0 - integrating 24/7 online care with brick and mortar hospitals (Cedars-Sinai Virtual Platform)

31:32 - AI can go further than notes - helping physicians proactively manage patients

39:07 - What gives your life meaning?

42:56 - What advice do you have for young people?