Search Off the Record

In this episode of Search Off the Record, Martin speaks with Nikola Todorovic (director of Software Engineering at Google Search) about how AI is changing Google Search. They discuss the evolution from traditional search to AI Overviews and AI Mode, how Google tests and launches search changes, and why query behaviour is becoming more conversational and complex.
Nikola also explains the role of machine learning in Search, how features are evaluated before launch, and what site owners and SEOs should focus on as AI becomes a bigger part of the search experience. If you work in SEO or web development, this episode offers a clear look at how Google approaches AI in Search and what it means for the future of search visibility.
Episode transcript → https://goo.gle/sotr109-transcript
Listen to more Search Off the Record → https://goo.gle/sotr-yt  
Subscribe to Google Search Channel → https://goo.gle/SearchCentral 
Search Off the Record is a podcast series that takes you behind the scenes of Google Search with the Search Relations team.
 #SOTRpodcast #SEO #GoogleSearch
Speakers: Martin Splitt, Nikola Todorovic

In this episode of Search Off the Record, Martin and Gary turn a simple robots.txt question into a data‑driven deep dive using HTTP Archive, WebPageTest, custom JavaScript metrics, and BigQuery. They explore how millions of real robots.txt files are actually written in 2025–2026, which directives and user‑agents are most common, and what that means for modern crawling and AI bots.
Perfect for beginner to mid‑level developers and SEOs, you'll learn how large‑scale web measurement works (HTTP Archive, Chrome UX Report, Web Almanac), and how to turn raw crawl data into actionable SEO insights. Subscribe for more candid conversations about crawling, indexing, and the data behind how Google Search and the web really work.
Resources:
Web Almanac →  https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2025/
Robotstxt custom metric for the HTTP Archive → 
https://github.com/HTTPArchive/custom-metrics/pull/191
robots.txt parser change → https://github.com/google/robotstxt/commit/4af32e54b715442bb04cd0470e99192f0ffb9792#commitcomment-178586774
Episode transcript → https://goo.gle/sotr108-transcript

Listen to more Search Off the Record → https://goo.gle/sotr-yt  
Subscribe to Google Search Channel → https://goo.gle/SearchCentral
Search Off the Record is a podcast series that takes you behind the scenes of Google Search with the Search Relations team.
 #SOTRpodcast #SEO #GoogleSearch
Speakers: Martin Splitt, Gary Illyes

In this episode of Search Off the Record, Gary and Martin dig into what "page size" and "page weight" actually mean for developers, users, and search engines.
They discuss exploding web page sizes: median mobile homepages hit 2.3 MB in 2025 Web Almanac (up 3x from 2015), key insights for developers on page weight definitions, Googlebot's crawl limits, HTML bloat from structured data/images, and why size still hurts UX on slow connections despite faster networks.
If you build or maintain websites, this conversation will help you rethink how much data your pages ship, where bloat really comes from, and why page weight still matters even as connections get faster.
Resources:
​Web Almanac → https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2025/
HTML living standard → https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/
How page speed helps with conversions → 
https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/marketing-strategies/app-and-mobile/mobile-page-speed-data/ 
Episode transcript → https://goo.gle/sotr106-transcript
Listen to more Search Off the Record → https://goo.gle/sotr-yt  Subscribe to Google Search Channel → https://goo.gle/SearchCentral
Search Off the Record is a podcast series that takes you behind the scenes of Google Search with the Search Relations team.
 #SOTRpodcast #SEO #GoogleSearch
Speakers: Martin Splitt, Gary Illyes

Developers often talk about Googlebot as if it were a single program you could just run as "googlebot.exe", but that is not how Google's crawling actually works. In this episode of Search Off the Record, Martin and Gary from the Search Relations team unpack how Google's crawling infrastructure is really built and operated.​
They cover why "Googlebot" is a misnomer and how it relates to a central crawling software-as-a-service used by many Google products​, how crawl behavior is controlled centrally to avoid overwhelming sites (throttling, handling 503s, and "don't break the internet" safeguards)​ and more!
If you build for the web, work on SEO, or just want a more accurate mental model of how Google crawls pages, this behind‑the‑scenes discussion is for you.
Resources:
​Crawlers → https://developer.google.com/crawling 
Episode transcript → https://goo.gle/sotr107-transcript 
Listen to more Search Off the Record → https://goo.gle/sotr-yt  
Subscribe to Google Search Channel → https://goo.gle/SearchCentral 
Search Off the Record is a podcast series that takes you behind the scenes of Google Search with the Search Relations team.
 #SOTRpodcast #SEO #GoogleSearch
Speakers: Martin Splitt, Gary Illyes

Martin and Gary unpack how HTML parsing really works, why the HTML standard is so lenient, and how messy markup can silently break key SEO signals like hreflang and rel=canonical. They revisit validators and cross‑browser hacks from the Netscape/IE days, and discuss whether semantic HTML and strict validity truly matter for search. You'll also hear when link hints like preload, prefetch, and DNS prefetch help performance (and indirectly SEO), and where meta and link tags really belong.
​
Resources:
HTML Living Standard → https://html.spec.whatwg.org/
Episode transcript → https://goo.gle/sotr105-transcript

Listen to more Search Off the Record → https://goo.gle/sotr-yt  Subscribe to Google Search Channel → https://goo.gle/SearchCentral
Search Off the Record is a podcast series that takes you behind the scenes of Google Search with the Search Relations team.
 #SOTRpodcast #SEO #GoogleSearch
Speakers: Martin Splitt, Gary Illyes