In this episode of The Germinate Podcast, Joe Sampson sits down with Jonathan Coppess for a wide ranging and deeply insightful conversation on agriculture, policy, and the realities shaping today’s farming landscape. Drawing from his extensive experience in Washington D.C., including work on multiple farm bills and time spent with the USDA and Senate Agriculture Committee, Jonathan offers a unique perspective on how policy is created and how it impacts farmers on the ground.
Jonathan begins by sharing his background, growing up on a farm in Ohio before eventually finding his way into law, policy, and government work. His career path took him through Capitol Hill, where he worked directly on the 2008 and 2014 farm bills, and into the USDA, giving him a front row seat to both the creation and implementation of agricultural policy. Today, he serves as a professor at the University of Illinois, where he focuses on teaching and researching the history and development of farm policy.
The conversation offers a behind the scenes look at how policy is actually made in Washington. Jonathan describes an environment that is fast paced, complex, and often misunderstood from the outside. While public perception tends to focus on division and dysfunction, he highlights the constant flow of meetings, negotiations, and decision making that shape legislation. He emphasizes that policymaking is not a simple or linear process, but rather a continuous balancing of competing interests, perspectives, and priorities.
Joe and Jonathan also explore the growing disconnect between the public and the policymaking process. Jonathan explains that influence in Washington often comes down to who shows up consistently, and organizations with the resources to be present have a stronger voice. This dynamic can create an imbalance, where certain interests are better represented than others, contributing to the perception that the system is not working as intended.
A major portion of the discussion shifts toward agriculture and the current challenges facing farmers. From global trade disruptions to shifting markets and geopolitical tensions, Jonathan outlines how a series of events over the past several decades have reshaped the competitive landscape. He shares the historical context behind Brazil’s rise as a major agricultural producer, tracing it back to policy decisions and global events that altered trust in U.S. supply chains.
Despite these challenges, Jonathan emphasizes that the greatest strength of American agriculture is its ability to innovate. He argues that farmers are some of the most creative problem solvers, constantly adapting to new conditions and finding ways to improve efficiency and productivity. However, he also raises concerns that certain policy approaches, particularly those that rely heavily on subsidies and payments, may unintentionally limit that innovation by reducing the need to adapt.
The discussion also touches on the importance of maintaining critical thinking and engagement, both in agriculture and in society as a whole. Jonathan stresses that self governance requires participation, and that stepping away from the process creates space for others to shape outcomes. He encourages listeners to stay involved, ask questions, and contribute to the conversation, even when it is complex or frustrating.
The episode closes on a note of cautious optimism, pointing to the next generation of farmers and professionals entering the industry. Jonathan sees growing curiosity, frustration, and a willingness to challenge existing systems as signs that meaningful change is possible. He believes that this mindset, combined with the innovative nature of agriculture, creates an opportunity to rethink how the industry approaches policy, production, and long term sustainability.