英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

We are approximately 11 miles away from Fort Monroe, where the first African-Americans arrived approximately 400 years ago.
我们距离门罗堡大约11英里，那里是大约400年前第一批非洲裔美国人抵达的地方。

I am Robin Hunt-Crenshaw, the principal here at George P. Phenix Pre-K through 8 school. The school is predominantly African-American.
我叫罗宾·亨特·克伦肖，是乔治·P·菲尼克斯学前至八年级学校的校长。这所学校的学生以非裔美国人为主。

Today, I will be meeting with 3rd and 4th grade students to discuss the issues of slavery, what they know about slavery.
今天，我将与三年级和四年级的学生会面，讨论奴隶制的问题，以及他们对奴隶制的了解。

We need to learn about slavery because in the upcoming generations we can't all just believe that this country was always different races combined together.
我们需要了解奴隶制，因为在未来的几代人中，我们不能都认为这个国家一直都是不同种族融合在一起的。

We have to know what our history was. There was land taken from different races because they were that race.
我们必须了解我们的历史。曾有不同种族的土地被夺走，只因为他们属于那个种族。

And I don't feel like any of that is right because we're all human beings.
我认为这是不对的，因为我们都是人类。

Now we're allowed to do stuff that we couldn't do before. We have to know, this is why we're free and this is why we can do this.
现在，我们可以做以前做不到的事情。我们必须明白，这就是我们自由的原因，也是我们能这样做的原因。

Some people say it was nice back then, but it wasn't always nice.
有些人说过去的时光很美好，但并非总是如此。

Almost two years ago, in Charlottesville, Virginia, there was people in their cars who was running over people.
大约两年前，在弗吉尼亚州的夏洛茨维尔，有人开车撞向人群。

Me and my family took a trip and while we were on our way, we were driving in Charlottesville and we had to be very careful.
我和家人旅行途径夏洛茨维尔时，必须非常小心。

I've seen on the news where a black man was trying to ask for directions and he knocked on a white person's house.
我在新闻上看到一个黑人想问路，他敲了白人的房门。

The husband, he went and got the gun and chased the black man off. So, I thought that might have been, well, was it because he was black?
房间里的丈夫拿起了枪，把那个黑人赶走了。我当时就在想，会不会是因为他是黑人呢？

Or did they think he was trying to, like, steal something? And I thought it was really mean.
或者他们认为那个黑人想偷东西？我觉得这很刻薄。

Black males and females that are getting shot. People are losing their lives and they haven't done anything. So I think we can improve that.
黑人男性与女性被射杀。他们什么都没做错就失去了生命。我想我们可以改善这种情况。

Like he said, people are, innocent people are getting shot for no reason.
正如你说的，那些人是无辜的，他们被无缘无故地射杀。

We could change that. There's a whole lot more to be improved. We as Americans have to be united.
我们可以改变这一点。还有很多方面有待改进。我们作为美国人必须团结起来。

We live in the United States. United means that we're all in this together but people aren't getting treated fairly because people are not doing the right thing and we should all do the right thing because we're in this together.
我们住在美国。“United”意味着要团结一致，但是人们没有得到公平的对待，因为人们没有做正确的事，而我们都应该做正确的事，因为我们同舟共济。

Fans have been gathering across the US, Canada and Mexico, as well as the world's TV screens, to watch the 2026 men's football World Cup kick off. However, experts have been increasingly worried about the effect of summer heat and humidity on the competing players. High levels of both have been predicted for a number of the tournament venues.
球迷们聚集在美国、加拿大和墨西哥以及世界各地的电视屏幕上，观看 2026 年男足世界杯的开赛。 然而，专家们越来越担心夏季炎热和潮湿对参赛选手的影响。 预计许多比赛场馆的这两项指标都将达到高水平。

Previous competitions held in similar conditions have caused difficulties for players and officials. Assistant referee Humberto Panjoj collapsed during a Copa America game in Kansas City in 2024. In a game in Miami in the same competition, Uruguayan defender Ronald Araujo was substituted, complaining of dehydration and dizziness. Players also complained about conditions at the 2025 Club World Cup in the US. Both these competitions were played in cities that feature in the 2026 World Cup. Sports Medicine Australia warns of the dangers of heat exhaustion, heatstroke and dehydration from exercising in hot and humid conditions.
此前在类似条件下举行的比赛给球员和官员造成了困难。 助理裁判温贝托·潘乔伊 (Humberto Panjoj) 在 2024 年堪萨斯城举行的美洲杯比赛中晕倒。在迈阿密举行的同一场比赛中，乌拉圭后卫罗纳德·阿劳霍 (Ronald Araujo) 因脱水和头晕而被替换下场。 球员们还抱怨 2025 年美国世俱杯的条件。 这两项比赛均在 2026 年世界杯举办城市举行。 澳大利亚运动医学警告说，在炎热和潮湿的环境下运动可能会导致中暑、中暑和脱水的危险。

Experts suggest that the key measure to assess risk from heat and humidity is the wet bulb globe temperature. When we sweat, it usually evaporates, cooling us down. Humid conditions make this process less effective. Wet bulb globe temperature is the minimum temperature achieved after water has evaporated. Many experts suggest that heat can be a problem for athletes if the wet bulb globe temperature is above 28C.
专家建议，评估湿热风险的关键指标是湿球温度。 当我们出汗时，它通常会蒸发，使我们降温。 潮湿的条件使这个过程的效率降低。 湿球温度是水蒸发后达到的最低温度。 许多专家建议，如果湿球温度高于 28°C，热量可能会给运动员带来问题。

14 out of 16 of the World Cup venues have been forecast to have wet bulb globe temperatures above this level during normal summer afternoons. For this reason, many games have been moved to evening kick offs, and cooling breaks have been scheduled. Additionally, some stadiums have roofs and air-conditioning. However, concerns remain around evening games in Miami and Kansas City, which had been predicted to be hot and humid, and the final in New Jersey, which was scheduled for 3pm. Estimates are based on a normal summer. However, the situation would be considerably worse should there be a heatwave.
据预测，在 16 个世界杯场馆中，有 14 个场馆的湿球球温度在正常夏季午后将高于这一水平。 因此，许多比赛已移至晚上开球，并安排了休息时间。 此外，一些体育场有屋顶和空调。 然而，人们仍然对迈阿密和堪萨斯城的晚间比赛以及定于下午 3 点在新泽西举行的决赛感到担忧，比赛预计将炎热潮湿。 估算基于正常夏季。 然而，如果出现热浪，情况会更糟。

European farmers are still counting the cost of last year's drought, which saw plummeting yields of crops like maize and corn.
欧洲农民们仍在承受去年那场大旱带来的损失，那场干旱导致玉米和谷物类作物的产量骤降。

But France today reported it's already short of water, and the European Environment Agency expects this to become a continent-wide problem.
而就在今天，法国已经报告出现水资源短缺的消息。欧洲环境署预计，这将演变成一个影响整个欧洲大陆的问题。

Paradoxically, this will also lead to worse flooding as more water evaporates and then eventually falls back to Earth.
看似矛盾的是，干旱还会导致更严重的洪涝，因为更多的水分蒸发后，最终会以降水的形式回到地面。

The agency's report also warns there'll be about 60 days each year so hot they're dangerous, and that European healthcare needs to adapt to cope with consequent rises in cardiovascular and respiratory illness.
该机构的报告还警告称，未来每年将有大约 60 天的高温达到危险水平；欧洲的医疗系统需要做出调整，以应对随之增加的心血管和呼吸系统疾病。

In the longer term, disease carrying insects like the tiger mosquito will thrive in the warmer climate.
从长远来看，白纹伊蚊等携带疾病的昆虫将在更温暖的气候中更加活跃并大量繁殖。

Predictions like this have previously been dismissed as scaremongering, but climate scientists say the changes are actually happening even faster than they expected.
此前，类似的预测曾被斥为危言耸听，但气候科学家们表示，这些变化发生的速度实际上比他们预期的更快。

Aboard this custom adult-sized tricycle called the Hamba, village healthcare worker Pamhidzi Mutunya delivers medical care that may very well save lives.
在这辆名为“Hamba”的定制成人三轮车里，乡村医护人员帕姆希齐·穆通亚(Pamhidzi Mutunya)运送着救命的医疗物资。

The Hamba made it easier to take patients to and from the hospital.
Hamba使接送病人往返医院变得更容易。

Now fewer women give birth at home due to lack of transportation like it used to be.
现在，由于不像过去那样缺乏交通工具，很少有女性在家分娩了。

Mutunya drives an average of four people per day to a health clinic while also picking up medicine for others.
穆通亚平均每天载四个人去诊所，同时也为其他人取药。

She started using a Hamba last year and says women pay about fifteen dollars a month as a group to lease the ride.
她去年开始驾驶Hamba，并提到女性们以团体形式每月支付大约十五美元的租用费。

Hamba pilot coordinator Fadzai Mavhuna: Women in the rural areas carry the burden of carrying firewood, going to fetch water to drink and carrying school kids to school.
Hamba调度者法德扎伊·马夫胡纳说：农村地区的妇女承担着搬运柴火、取饮用水以及送孩子上学的负担。

So as Mobility for Africa, we saw that we need to lessen the burden on women.
作为美力非洲组织，我们认识到需要减轻女性的负担。

Transportation start-up Mobility for Africa runs the business side of the Hamba. Drivers say the service change their lives.
交通初创企业“美力非洲”负责Hamba服务的业务运营。司机们表示，这项服务改变了他们的生活。

We used to carry firewood on our heads for two kilometres. Now it's much easier as this tricycle has taken away the burden.
我们过去常常头顶着柴火走两公里路。现在轻松多了，因为这辆三轮车帮我们减轻了负担。

Reusable batteries charged by the sun power the Hamba and fuel it for one dollar or less. It has a cruising range of about a hundred kilometers.
由太阳充电的可重复使用的电池为Hamba提供动力，其运行成本只需一美元或更少。它大约可以行驶一百公里。

The project is targeted to rural women, so we have noticed that it's not everyone who can afford to buy it.
该项目的目标群体是农村妇女，我们注意到并非每个人都买得起。

So we are going to sell it to those who can afford to buy it. But at the same time, we will continually see.
我们打算把它卖给那些买得起的人。但与此同时，我们会持续关注。

Mobility for Africa is now in the second phase of its pilot project.
美力非洲目前正处于其试点项目的第二阶段。

The next step is going commercial where the Hamba will sell for 1,500 dollars.
下一步是将其商业化，届时Hamba的售价将为1500美元。

Hi, I'm Dr. Aarthi Vemana, co-director of the Pediatric and Adolescent Sleep Center.
我是阿尔蒂·韦马纳医生，儿科与青少年睡眠中心的联合主任。

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on everyone's daily lives.
新冠肺炎疫情对每个人的日常生活都产生了巨大的影响。

Now, we do have more time at home to focus on sleep, but sleep is really difficult in stressful periods.
现在，我们确实有更多的时间待在家里专注于睡眠，但在压力大的时期，入睡真的很难。

So, I wanted to take a few moments to talk to you guys about having a good sleep schedule and how to maintain that sleep schedule during the quarantine period. Start off by having a good bedtime routine.
我想花点时间跟大家聊聊保持良好作息，以及在隔离期间如何维持这种作息。首先要养成一个良好的睡前习惯。

And that bedtime routine doesn't have to be anything complicated, but it should be the same few steps done in the same order at the same time every night.
睡前安排不必复杂，但每晚都应该在同一时间按照相同的顺序完成相同的几个步骤。

This helps your brain realize that it's time to wind down to go to sleep.
这会帮助你的大脑意识到是时候放松下来睡觉了。

The next morning, make sure that you're waking up around the same time every day and keep yourself on a schedule.
第二天早上，确保你每天大约在同一时间起床，并让自己保持规律作息。

That schedule should include exercise and that exercise is best done during the daytime, if possible.
该时间表应该包括锻炼，如果可能的话，最好在白天进行锻炼。

At night, make sure that you're putting your screens away about an hour before you go to bed.
晚上，确保在睡前大约一小时就把电子设备收起来。

This helps to minimize your blue light exposure and that's important because blue light can trick your brain into thinking that it's daylight outside.
这有助于减少你接触蓝光的时间，这很重要，因为蓝光会欺骗你的大脑，让你以为外面还是白天。

But more importantly during these stressful COVID-19 times, the content of what we're looking at on the screens can be very stressful and can be very anxiety provoking for young ones.
但更重要的是，在充满压力的新冠疫情期间，我们在屏幕上看到的内容可能非常令人紧张，可能会让年轻人非常焦虑。

So, instead of using screens, spend some time together as a family.
与其使用电子设备，不如一家人一起共度一些时光。

Talk about all the good things that have happened during the day and focus on the positive. This will help to distress everyone's brains right before bedtime.
聊聊白天发生的所有好事，关注积极的方面。这将有助于在就寝前让大脑放松。

If you're still having trouble, reading or guided relaxation is a great option to help focus your brain on something that's not related to COVID-19.
如果你仍然有困扰，阅读或引导式放松是个不错的选择，能帮助你的大脑专注于与新冠疫情无关的事情。

I hope everyone stays home and that they stay healthy.
希望每个人都待在家里，保持健康。