英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

Has exam season got you hitting the books instead of the gym? Study is important, but if you're not keeping up with your exercise, you might be missing out. It turns out that regular physical exercise can boost your memory, focus and reasoning skills. One study even found that Scottish teenagers who got 60 minutes of exercise a day scored a whole grade higher on national exams.
考试季是否让您只顾书本而不是去健身房？ 学习很重要，但如果你没有跟上锻炼的步伐，你可能会错过机会。 事实证明，定期的体育锻炼可以提高你的记忆力、注意力和推理能力。 一项研究甚至发现，每天锻炼 60 分钟的苏格兰青少年在全国考试中的成绩会高出整整一个等级。

Physical exercise has been linked to a number of positive changes inside our brains. Regular aerobic exercise appears to be linked with an enlarged hippocampus. That's the area of the brain linked to learning and memory. Other studies have suggested that exercise four hours after learning allows new information to be better integrated into our memories. Looking inside our brains, it seems that exercise triggers tiny bursts of electrical energy, known as 'brain ripples' which are thought to be connected to the process of storing and organising memories. Exercise could also lead to improved executive function. This is the part of our brain that's responsible for things including working memory and self-control. A recent study showed that students who carried out 10 minutes of moderate exercise showed improved cognitive performance afterwards.
体育锻炼与我们大脑内部的许多积极变化有关。 定期有氧运动似乎与增大的海马体有关。 这是大脑中与学习和记忆相关的区域。 其他研究表明，学习后四小时进行锻炼可以使新信息更好地融入我们的记忆中。

Looking inside our brains, it seems that exercise triggers tiny bursts of electrical energy, known as 'brain ripples' which are thought to be connected to the process of storing and organising memories.
锻炼还可以改善执行功能。 这是我们大脑中负责工作记忆和自我控制等事务的部分。 最近的一项研究表明，进行 10 分钟适度运动的学生随后的认知能力有所改善。

As well as the direct physical benefits of exercise on our brains, there are other associated advantages. Exercise leads to the release of endorphins. These chemicals help to alleviate the effects of stress and can improve our mood. Exam preparation can be both a cause of stress and something that's adversely affected by it. Exercise reduces your stress so that you can focus on your revision. Good sleep habits are also important for brain health and function. And this is another area where exercise helps out. Regular exercise has been shown to lead to better sleep and fewer episodes of insomnia. A study from the University of Texas also linked it to longer instances of deep sleep. When you're asleep, your body processes memories, so it's another way that exercise can take you to higher grades.
除了锻炼对大脑产生直接的身体益处外，还有其他相关的好处。 运动会导致内啡肽的释放。 这些化学物质有助于减轻压力的影响并改善我们的情绪。 考试准备既可能造成压力，也可能受到压力的不利影响。 锻炼可以减轻你的压力，让你可以专注于复习。 良好的睡眠习惯对于大脑健康和功能也很重要。 这是锻炼可以发挥作用的另一个领域。 事实证明，定期锻炼可以改善睡眠并减少失眠。 德克萨斯大学的一项研究也将其与更长的深度睡眠时间联系起来。 当你睡着时，你的身体会处理记忆，所以这是锻炼可以让你取得更高成绩的另一种方式。

Exercise benefits both our mental and physical health and has clear benefits for academic performance. So, while it's important to spend time studying, don't forget to keep some time back for physical activity.
锻炼有益于我们的心理和身体健康，并且对学习成绩有明显的好处。 因此，虽然花时间学习很重要，但也不要忘记留出一些时间进行体育锻炼。

The new Wildlife Health Centre is due to be built as the Zoological Society of London, which runs the zoo, celebrates its 200th anniversary. The development is being made possible by a £20n donation from a mystery benefactor, the largest in the zoo's history.
运营该动物园的伦敦动物学会宣布，将建造一所新野生动物医疗中心，目前正值该学会庆祝其成立 200 周年。这一工程计划的实施得益于一位神秘资助者提供的 2000 万英镑捐款，这是该动物园历史上收到过的最大一笔捐赠。

Critics say the zoo's plans are more about monetising public curiosity than benefiting the wildlife, a suggestion the zoo denies. It says as well as letting visitors view medical procedures as they happen, the new facility will allow research into animal health and will become a training hub for wildlife vets across the world.
批评人士称，动物园的计划更多的是为了利用公众的好奇心变现，而不是造福野生动物，园方对此予以否认。动物园表示，除了让游客实时观看医疗程序的进行，新设施还将支持开展动物健康研究，并成为全球野生动物兽医的培训枢纽。

Close your eyes and think about the future. Do you imagine it to be in front of you or behind you? Maybe your timeline is vertical, with the future below, and the past above? Linguists such as Lera Boroditsky believe that the language you speak might influence your perception of time.
闭上眼睛，想象一下未来。你会觉得未来在你的前方还是后方？也许你的时间线是垂直的，未来在下方，而过去在上方？像Lera Boroditsky这样的语言学家认为，你所说的语言可能会影响你对时间的感知。

She highlighted that in English, we see time on a horizontal line.
她指出，在英语中，人们会把时间看作一条水平线。

The past is behind us, and the future is ahead.
过去在我们身后，而未来在我们前方。

We can see this in phrases like 'forward thinking', and 'ahead of schedule' that we use for the future, and 'back in the day' and 'behind the times' for the past.
这一点可以从英语短语中体现出来，例如描述未来时会说“forward thinking（超前思维）”和“ahead of schedule（提前于计划）”；而描述过去时则会说“back in the day（过去那些日子）”和“behind the times（落伍、过时）”。

However, not all languages reflect this perspective.
然而，并不是所有语言都采用这种时间观。

For the Aymara people in the Andes mountains, the word for future means 'behind time'.
对于安第斯山脉的艾马拉人来说，“未来”这个词意味着“在时间后面”。

Work by Nuñez and Sweetser revealed that when gesturing, the Aymara people point backwards when talking about the future, while English speakers gesture forwards.
Nuñez 和 Sweetser 的研究发现，艾马拉人在谈论未来时会向后指，而英语使用者则会向前比划。

It has also been suggested that if you speak Chinese, you might see the timeline more vertically due to the use of 'down' to talk about future events, and 'up' for past events.
还有观点认为，如果你说中文，你可能会更倾向于把时间线看成垂直方向，因为中文会用“下”来表示未来事件，而用“上”来表示过去事件。

What happens if you speak two languages?
那么，如果一个人会说两种语言，会发生什么呢？

In a study called 'Can a mind have two time lines?' English-Chinese bilinguals were asked to place photos of actors in chronological order by age.
在一项名为《一个人的思维能拥有两条时间线吗？》的研究中，英语—中文双语者被要求按照年龄顺序排列演员的照片。

Interestingly, they chose to put photos of an English-speaking actor in a horizontal sequence, but photos of a Chinese-speaking actor in a vertical sequence.
有趣的是，他们会把英语演员的照片横向排列，而把中文演员的照片纵向排列。

So, it seems like one person can have multiple time perceptions, and that your timeline can rotate depending on which language is in focus.
因此，看起来一个人可以拥有多种时间感知方式，而你的时间线会随着当前使用的语言而“旋转”。

The debate about how much language shapes our thoughts and perceptions is ongoing.
关于语言在多大程度上塑造我们的思想和感知，这场争论至今仍在继续。

It has intrigued linguists for decades and will for ages to come.
几十年来，这个问题一直吸引着语言学家，并且未来很长时间里仍会如此。

So, next time you plan your day or tell a story, notice how you visualise the timeline of events, and remember that not everyone sees time through the same lens!
所以下次当你规划一天的安排或讲述一个故事时，不妨留意一下自己是如何在脑海中呈现事件时间线的，并记住：并不是每个人都以同样的方式看待时间！

Real Madrid has announced that Xabi Alonso will become their new head coach for the next three seasons until June 2028.
皇家马德里宣布，哈维·阿隆索将成为球队的新任主教练，合同为期三个赛季，直至2028年6月。

Alonso is a legendary former player who represented the club between 2009 and 2014, playing in 236 official matches and winning six major titles.
阿隆索是一位传奇前球员，他在2009年至2014年期间效力于该俱乐部，出战236场正式比赛，并赢得了6项重要冠军。

He was also an important part of the Spanish national team, winning the World Cup in 2010 and two European Championships.
他也是西班牙国家队的重要成员，曾赢得2010年世界杯以及两届欧洲杯冠军。

After finishing his career as a player, Alonso started coaching in Real Madrid’s academy.
结束球员生涯后，阿隆索在皇家马德里的青训学院开始执教。

Later, he managed Bayer 04 Leverkusen in Germany, where he was very successful.
后来，他执教德国的勒沃库森，并取得了巨大成功。

His team went through the domestic season without losing a game and won two big trophies.
他的球队在国内赛事中整个赛季保持不败，并赢得了两项重要冠军。

They lost the Europa League final to Atalanta BC, but the season was still considered a big success.
虽然他们在欧联杯决赛中输给了亚特兰大，但这个赛季依然被认为是非常成功的。

Alonso will be officially presented as Real Madrid’s new coach at a special event.
阿隆索将在一场特别活动中被正式介绍为皇家马德里的新任主教练。

The club president will welcome him, and he will speak to the media.
俱乐部主席将会欢迎他，而他也会向媒体发表讲话。

The team hopes he can bring more titles to the club as a coach.
球队希望他作为教练，能够为俱乐部带来更多冠军。

Britain’s Royal Mint has introduced a special 50 pence coin to celebrate the 25th anniversary of The Lord of the Rings movies.
英国皇家造币厂推出了一款特别的50便士硬币，以纪念《指环王》电影上映25周年。

The design focuses on the iconic One Ring because it is instantly recognizable to millions of fans around the world, which makes the theme clear despite the small size of the coin.
这款设计以标志性的“至尊魔戒”为核心，因为全球数百万影迷一眼就能认出它，即使硬币尺寸很小，也能清楚传达主题。

The designer explained that they wanted to use Elvishletteringbecause it is beautiful calligraphy.
设计师解释说，他们想使用精灵文字，因为这种字体本身就是一种优美的书法艺术。

By placing two independent rings of text that appear to radiate from each other, the artist created a sense of dynamism and movement on the flat coin.
通过放置两圈彼此向外放射的独立文字环，设计师在平面的硬币上营造出了动态与流动感。

The letters use different angles and line thicknesses to help create this effect.
这些文字采用了不同的角度和线条粗细，以进一步增强这种效果。

The collectible coin also has a unique element that projects the Eye of Sauron whenever light hits it.
这枚收藏硬币还带有一个独特设计：当光线照射到硬币上时，会投射出“索伦之眼”的图案。