英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

"Say cheese!" That's what the person behind the camera might shout when they want you to smile for a photo. 2025 marked the 50th anniversary of digital photography. Steve Sasson, inventor of the first digital camera in 1975, told the BBC that it looked like a 'toaster with a lens' – not like the stylish cameras we see today! By 2005, more people were buying digital cameras than film cameras, which meant that a process which used to be slow and laborious, was now quick and easy.
“说奶酪！” 当相机后面的人希望你微笑拍照时，他们可能会这么喊。 2025 年是数码摄影诞生 50 周年。 1975 年第一台数码相机的发明者 Steve Sasson 告诉 BBC，它看起来像一个“带镜头的烤面包机”，与我们今天看到的时尚相机不同！ 到 2005 年，购买数码相机的人比购买胶片相机的人多，这意味着过去缓慢而费力的过程现在变得快速而简单。

The 2000s brought a snap-happy era, with people now able to take hundreds, even thousands of photos a year. But what they hadn't quite worked out yet was how to store them. Back then, people used a mishmash of hard drives, USB sticks and CDs – physical storage that was at risk of loss or theft. Later came online photo sharing via social media or free online photo galleries where you can upload photos to 'the cloud'. The problem is that if you chose just one of these options for photo storage, such as an old laptop that's now broken, or a social media website that no longer exists, you may have what's called a 'black hole' in your photographic record, with no photos of life in the noughties. So, what's the advice?
2000 年代带来了一个热衷于拍照的时代，人们现在每年可以拍摄数百甚至数千张照片。 但他们还没有弄清楚如何存储它们。 当时，人们使用的是硬盘驱动器、USB 记忆棒和 CD 的混合体，这些物理存储存在丢失或被盗的风险。 后来出现了通过社交媒体或免费在线照片库进行在线照片共享，您可以将照片上传到“云端”。 问题是，如果您只选择其中一种照片存储选项，例如一台已经坏了的旧笔记本电脑，或者一个不再存在的社交媒体网站，您的摄影记录中可能会出现所谓的“黑洞”，没有上世纪九十年代生活的照片。 那么，有什么建议呢？

After losing an external hard drive with all her family photos, Cathi Nelson set up The Photo Managers, a company which helps people manage their photo collections. They say the best protection is their '3-2-1' rule of photo storage which involves having three copies of each photo, all in different places. One in the cloud, the second on a hard drive, and a third on a drive in a separate location, like someone else's house. If that sounds like too much work, just make sure your smartphone automatically uploads photos to the cloud, and then spare some time once a month to upload those to a hard drive. And if you're someone who takes hundreds of photos per month, it's also a good idea to regularly curate your camera roll – keep the best ones and delete the rest, so you feel more in control.
在丢失了装有所有家庭照片的外部硬盘后，Cathi Nelson 成立了 The Photo Managers，这是一家帮助人们管理照片集的公司。 他们表示，最好的保护是照片存储的“3-2-1”规则，即每张照片都有三份副本，并且都位于不同的地方。 一个在云中，第二个在硬盘上，第三个在单独位置的驱动器上，比如别人的房子。 如果这听起来工作量太大，只需确保您的智能手机自动将照片上传到云端，然后每月抽出一些时间将这些照片上传到硬盘即可。 如果您每月拍摄数百张照片，那么定期管理您的相机胶卷也是一个好主意 - 保留最好的照片并删除其余的，这样您会感觉更有掌控力。

The key takeaway here is that each storage method has its pitfalls, so it's better to always use two methods over just one in order to have a backup. Online platforms can be shut down, and hard drives can be lost. Just make sure your memories don't fade into the digital black hole.
这里的关键要点是，每种存储方法都有其缺陷，因此最好始终使用两种方法而不是仅使用一种方法来进行备份。 在线平台可能会被关闭，硬盘可能会丢失。 只要确保您的记忆不会消失在数字黑洞中即可。

Producing Cambodian silk ikat is a time-consuming, expensive and difficult process.
制作柬埔寨丝绸伊卡特是一个耗时、昂贵且困难的过程。

The results are undeniably beautiful. But the challenges in the creation are driving this traditional craft towards extinction.
结果无疑是美的。但创作过程中的挑战正将这一传统技艺推向消亡。

Keiy Khmer Association with a team of eight weavers in Takeo province is one of the few Cambodian non-profits struggling to preserve this traditional silk ikat handicraft.
位于茶胶省的Keiy Khmer Association拥有八名织工团队，是柬埔寨少数致力于保护传统丝绸伊卡特手工艺的非营利组织之一。

We use imported dyes and silk. When we create a silk ikat from these materials, it is no longer Cambodian.
我们使用进口染料和丝绸，当我们用这些材料制作丝绸伊卡特时，它就不再是柬埔寨风格的了。

So I started this association, hoping to create something truly Cambodian by using Cambodian natural dyes from the nests of Khmer lac insects, the bark of prohut tree, malabar tree, and indigo, also known as plae.
于是我创办了这个协会，希望利用高棉紫胶虫的巢穴、普罗树皮、马拉巴树皮，以及靛蓝等柬埔寨天然染料，创造出真正具有柬埔寨特色的东西。

These are the four primary colors we use to mix and produce textiles and silk ikat.
这些是我们用来混合制作纺织品和丝绸伊卡特染织的四种原色。

The Cambodian Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts says very few remaining Cambodians know how to produce traditional Cambodian silk ikat.
柬埔寨文化和艺术部表示，目前会制作柬埔寨传统丝绸伊卡特的柬埔寨人已经寥寥无几。

If they are old people who know how to bend the silk and tie the knot, that's very good. They are valuable human resources for our country.
若是懂得缫丝结绳的老人，那便再好不过了，他们可是我国宝贵的人力资源。

But the biggest existential threat is the disappearing natural raw materials.
但最大的生存威胁是自然原材料的消失。

Before people raised lac insects in Stung Treng province near the Laotian border, but they stopped already.
以前人们在靠近老挝边境的上丁省养殖紫胶虫，但现在已经停了下来。

Khmer lac may go its thing and malabar trees in various communities are being cut down and thrown away because they think there is no use for the trees.
高棉紫胶虫或许能自生自灭，但各社区的马拉巴树却因人们认为其毫无用处而遭砍伐丢弃。

In the late 1920s, Hollywood producers liked coming here to the fancy Millennium Biltmore Hotel to hold business meetings.
20世纪20年代末，好莱坞制片人们喜欢来这家豪华的千禧碧丽宫酒店举行商务会议。

The story goes that it was here in 1927 that the studio's designer first sketched the outlook of the Oscar Statuette.
据说1927年正是在这里，该工作室的设计师首次画出了奥斯卡小金人的草图。

During the preliminary session of planning the Oscars, there were a couple of people in conversation talking about this event.
在奥斯卡颁奖礼的策划预备会议上，有几个人在交谈中提到了这件事。

And this started to scribble on a napkin and kind of draw a design above what is now the Oscar Statuette.
一开始只是在餐巾纸上涂鸦，大致画出了如今奥斯卡小金人的设计草图。

No one knows where the historical napkin ended up. Director of Marketing at Biltmore Hotel, Ana Segura, believes that was lost nearly hundred years ago.
没人知道那张餐巾纸最后去哪里了。碧丽宫酒店营销总监安娜·塞古拉认为那张餐巾纸早在近百年前就已遗失。

But the Oscar design endured. And in 1929, the first Academy Awards ceremony took place at the Roosevelt Hotel.
但奥斯卡的设计经久不衰。1929年，第一届奥斯卡颁奖典礼在罗斯福酒店举行。

Yet years later, the ceremony moved to where it all began, the Biltmore Hotel.
然而几年后，典礼举办地点转移到了碧丽宫酒店。

This hall hosted the ceremony eight times, though back then, it looked a little different.
这个大厅曾举办过八次典礼，不过当时它的样子和现在有些不同。

This ballroom originally was built to cater to the Oscars with a grand stage.
这个宴会厅最初是为了举办奥斯卡颁奖典礼而建造的，里面有一个宏大的舞台。

And because of the reconstruction, the hotel went through a renovation, and so they had to downsize the ceiling.
由于重建，酒店进行了翻修，因此他们不得不降低天花板的高度。

Pompous receptions, breathtakingly beautiful evening gowns and tuxedos, this was the place to see and be seen in legendary old Hollywood.
奢华的招待会、美轮美奂的晚礼服和燕尾服，这里曾是传奇老好莱坞名利场中争奇斗艳的秀场。

Visitors can still see glimpses of it today on the pictures that adorn the hotel walls.
如今，游客们仍能在装饰酒店墙壁的图片中一窥其昔日风采。

This picture, that's the one with Walt Disney and Shirley Temple. The beauty about this picture is the Oscar. It's the most iconic because of the Seven Dwarfs nomination.
这是华特·迪士尼和秀兰·邓波儿的合影。这张照片的亮点在于那座奥斯卡奖杯。它之所以最具标志性是因为《白雪公主和七个小矮人》的提名。

Obviously he got his award, so you have seven little Oscars and then the big Oscar trophy.
显然他获得了奖项，所以有七个小奥斯卡奖杯，然后还有一个大的奥斯卡奖杯。

But not just Hollywood stars frequented the Biltmore Hotel.
但不仅仅是好莱坞明星经常光顾碧丽宫酒店。

During prohibition, the time between 1920 and 1933 when the sale and manufacture of alcohol was illegal, this place drew very different crowds.
在1920年至1933年禁酒令期间，出售和生产酒是非法的，那时这个地方吸引了许多截然不同的群体。

Everyone from gangsters to politicians came here to meet in a secret bar that was hidden behind this wall.
从黑帮成员到政客，所有人都曾来到这堵墙后隐藏的秘密酒吧会面。

High name profile ranking officials, whether there were government celebrities, it was a combination of just, you know, highly renowned name people .
高知名度的高级官员，不管是不是政府政要，都是一些很有名的人。

And of course, because of the prohibition era and having such a great time at some point, somebody had to get out and get away, right? And so that was the secret passage.
当然，由于禁酒令的存在，人们在某个时刻玩得太过尽兴，总得有人溜出去躲一躲，对吧？于是就有了这条秘密通道。

Even today, actors and producers love coming here. Jaime has been a barman here for over half a century.
即使在今天，演员和制片人也喜欢来到这里。海曼在这里当酒保已经50多年了。

All this time, he's been collecting autographs, pictures and incredible stories.
他一直在收集签名、照片，以及许多不可思议的故事。

His favorite is about how he met Al Pacino, who decided to take a stroll around the hotel wearing a black cape.
他最喜欢讲的是他如何遇见阿尔·帕西诺的，当时阿尔·帕西诺披着一件黑色披风在酒店周围散步。

Mr. Pacino, I almost called securities on you. He said why, because look at you. And he said well, I'm rehearsing a play at Aquinas. Oh my god! So later on, I asked him for his autograph.
帕西诺先生，我差点叫保安过来。他问为什么，我说因为看看你那副样子。他说他在阿奎那排练一部戏剧。天哪！后来我向他要了签名。

The Academy Award ceremony hasn't been held here for years. Its venue of choices has long been Hollywood's Dolby Theatre.
奥斯卡颁奖典礼已多年未在此地举办。其首选场地一直是好莱坞的杜比剧院。

But to commemorate the early days of Oscars, every February, a special themed party is held within the walls of the legendary Biltmore Hotel .
但为了纪念奥斯卡的早期岁月，每年二月，传奇的碧丽宫酒店内都会举办一场特别主题派对。

ECHO was instituted in 1975, and it originally stood for "Every Citizen Has Opportunities".
ECHO成立于1975年，全称是"Every Citizen Has Opportunities"。

And we provide skill-building, job placement, day support, and transportation to individuals with disabilities.
我们还为残疾人提供技能培训、就业安置、日间支持和交通服务。

Our mission is to empower each individual to achieve their optimal level of personal, social and economic success.
我们的使命是助力每个人在个人、社交及经济层面实现最佳成就。

Today, we are working here at MAC Aerospace. We're working on their inventory, which is one of the jobs that we have here for our participants.
如今我们在MAC Aerospace工作。我们正在清点他们的库存， 这是我们为参与者准备的工作之一。

And we count the inventory, we label it, and if it needs to be re-boxed, we can re-box it as well.
我们清点存货，贴上标签，如果需要的话，我们也可以重新装箱。

Today, we're counting screws. Everybody has a process. Everybody does it differently.
今天，我们要数螺丝钉。每个人都有自己的一套流程。每个人的工作方式都不同。

So I have to come in and learn the process, and then I teach the process to the participants.
我必须来学习这个过程，然后再把这个过程传授给参与者。

They're capable of anything. They can do anything as long as they trained properly. And that's my job.
他们什么都能做。只要训练得当，他们就能做任何事。而训练他们就是我的工作。

Becky, how's it going? Are you finding every piece? Yeah? So make sure some of the smaller pieces tend to fall at the very bottom.
贝基，怎么样了？每个都找到了吗？要确认一些较小的，它们通常会落在最底部。

So if you need to, you can take things out and move them around, but I promise you every piece is in there,okay?
如果你需要的话，可以把东西拿出来重新摆放，但我保证每一样东西都在里面，好吗？

I was in Phoenix, Arizona with my parents until my parents passed away. I moved here in October, last October.
在我父母去世之前，我一直和他们待在亚利桑那州的凤凰城。我是去年十月搬到这里的。

We currently serve around 207 individuals with disabilities. The assessment center helps determine different aptitudes and interests.
我们目前为大约207名残疾人提供服务。评估中心帮助确定人们不同的能力和兴趣。

It has a number of different modules, for which we put people through in various industries.
它有很多不同的模块， 我们让不同行业的人去体验这些模块。

And as you saw, Amy was very good at that. She's quite skilled at rolling napkins, silverware into napkins.
如你所见，艾米很擅长这个。她非常熟练于将餐具卷进餐巾里。

So for instance, she might be a good fit for our hospitality, our dish washing and restaurant services.
因此她可能非常适合接待、洗碗和餐厅服务工作。

What is something that's not appropriate to wear to work? A bathing suit or a swim suit not appropriate.
什么东西不适合穿去上班？泳衣不适合。

Finding a job is a desire and a goal of theirs, not everyone. So a lot of the participants that we work with here in the Academy have expressed a desire to get a job.
找工作是他们的愿望和目标，虽然不是每个人都是这样想。我们学院合作的许多参与者都表达了找工作的意愿。

So we kind of work on a lot of the soft skills that is required when one gets a job.
我们主要培养一些求职时所需的软技能。

This is a slime mold. Cat Chang is an urban designer. But in her spare time, she likes to examine other life-forms.
这是一种黏菌。张凯特是城市设计师。但在业余时间，她喜欢研究其他生命形式。

Ever since I was a little girl, I've been interested in the natural world. We're native Hawaiian.
从小我就对自然界充满兴趣，我们是夏威夷原住民。

Our family and my grandmother would take me around her yard. She would show us all the plants and how you use them.
家人和祖母会带我参观她的院子。她会向我们展示所有的植物以及它们的用途。

And later when I was interested in learning about fungi, I didn't have anybody to help me with it. Someone suggested iNaturalist to me, and it's on your cell phone.
后来我对真菌产生了兴趣，却没有人能在这方面帮助我。有人向我推荐了iNaturist，可以装在手机上。

iNaturalist is a joint initiative of National Geographic and the California Academy of Sciences.
iNaturalist是美国国家地理学会与加利福尼亚科学院联合发起的项目。

Essentially people can take a photo of anything living, plants, animal, fungus, slime mold, put it on the website and other people identify it.
本质上，人们可以给任何有生命的东西拍照，比如植物、动物、真菌、黏菌，然后把照片上传到网站上，然后由其他人来识别。

The app compares the image with those already in the database to begin the identification process. But ultimately, human experts weigh in.
该应用将图像与数据库中已有的图像进行比较以启动识别过程，但最终仍需由人类专家进行判断。

The best part of it is there's a community of people that can also participate.
最棒的是，还有一个可以参与其中的群体。

It's used by scientists to collect data, and actually write papers, as well as just amateur people who are really interested in getting more involved, and caring more about nature.
科学家用它来收集数据并撰写论文，同样也有纯粹出于兴趣想更深入参与、更关心自然的业余爱好者使用它。

This time of year, I'm particularly looking for salamanders. And I always like to see mammals, they're one of my favorites, and birds of course. I have almost 55,000 observations. It's a lot.
每年的这个时候，我特别想找到蝾螈。我一直很喜欢观察哺乳动物，它们是我最喜欢的动物之一，当然还有鸟类。我已经有近55000次观察记录了，这可不少。

iNaturalist has observations from every country in the world. Right now, I believe we have over 26 million observations and about 700,000 active users.
iNaturalist拥有来自世界各国的观察记录。目前，我认为我们有超过2600万条观测数据和约70万活跃用户。

This collaboration across continents led recently to a surprising discovery in California:
这种跨大洲的合作最近在加利福尼亚州有了一项惊人的发现：

the type of giant sunfish whose normal habitat is thousands of miles to the south, an indication perhaps of a rapidly changing world.
一种通常栖息地在数千英里以南的巨型翻车鱼出现在这里，这或许预示着世界正在迅速变化。