英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

I am Larry Meade. I am President of the Northern Virginia Bird Club.
我是拉里·米德。我是北弗吉尼亚鸟类俱乐部的主席。

I've always been interested in birding, but I've been seriously birding, keeping track since 2002.
我一直对观鸟感兴趣，但从2002年起我才开始认真观鸟并持续记录。

The connotation of bird watching is that all we do is watch the birds.
观鸟的内涵在于全心全意地看鸟。

But birding is more of an all-encompassing concept because not only do we look at them, we study them. We do scientific surveys.
但是观鸟是一个更包罗万象的概念，因为我们不仅观察鸟类，还研究它们。我们进行科学调查。

Looked like a juvenile to me because I saw an adult fly to the right.
这只看起来像只幼鸟，因为我看到一只成鸟飞向了右边。

We study their behavior. The one behind me in the pine tree. We travel to see them. We are at Huntley Meadows Park.
我们研究它们的行为。我身后松树上的那只。我们跋山涉水去看他们。我们在亨特利草地公园。

What is really unique about this is it is a freshwater wetland which is unusual. It's got the nice boardwalk.
真正的独特之处在于，这里是一片罕见的淡水湿地。这里还有漂亮的木板步道。

It's pretty unique in that way and that you can get really pretty close to the birds and other wildlife. Now, the Great Crested Flycatcher is back.
这里真的非常独特，你可以非常接近鸟类和其他野生动物。大冠蝇霸鹟回来了。

Jessica is a member of our club. Here's another. Here's a Tree Swallow right here. I hear him singing. It's nice to be able to share experiences.
杰西卡是我们俱乐部的成员。这是另一只。这里有一只树燕。我听到它在唱歌。能够分享这些经历真好。

If I'm by myself, I like to post my photos on Facebook and get reaction from people that way.
如果只有我自己的话，我喜欢在脸书上分享我拍的照片，通过那种方式得到大家的反馈。

But when we're with a person, number one, it's another set of eyes, like she spotted someCedarWaxwings I probably wouldn't have seen.
但当我们和另一个人在一起时，首先就多了一双眼睛，她发现了一些我可能不会看到的雪松太平鸟。

And I spotted some stuff she probably wouldn't have seen.
当然我也会看到一些她错过的鸟类。

So, you've got more chance to see the birds, but you can also discuss the birds and just catching up with friends, too. It's just a social thing.
你有更多的机会看更多的鸟，而且你还可以和朋友们一起讨论鸟儿，叙叙旧。这就是一种社交活动。

Being outside is always rewarding regardless of the weather, regardless of what it is that we get to see, because the outdoors is always a surprise.
无论天气如何，无论我们能看到什么，待在户外总会有所收获，因为户外总是充满惊喜。

You never know what you're going to find. Back in 2013, I was playing around on the Internet and found an app that I could download on my phone that was a birding app.
你永远不知道你会发现什么。早在2013年，我上网时发现了一款可以下载到手机上的应用程序，那是一款观鸟应用。

And so that kind of piqued my interest. And then I went and got a book about birding and realized just howintricateand detailed it really is.
这激起了我的兴趣。然后我去买了一本观鸟的书，并意识到观鸟是多么的错综复杂和细致入微。

Birding kind of became like a scavenger hunt. And Larry mentioned earlier that birders keep a life list, which is a list of all the birds that they've seen.
观鸟变得有点像寻宝游戏。而拉里之前提到过，每个观鸟人都有一份人生清单，上面列有他们看过的所有鸟类。

And so, when you start out and everything feels new, you're sort of, you know, adding to that life list and it's growing and it's growing and it just becomes addictive.
当你刚开始观鸟，一切感觉都很新鲜时，你会不断往人生清单里添加内容，清单越列越长，而且这会让人上瘾。

It's good for your health to be outdoors. It's a very calming experience.
待在户外对你的健康有益。这是一种非常平静的体验。

But personally, as a former educator, I believe that everybody should be connected to nature because we have to conserve nature.
但是就我个人而言，作为一名前教育工作者，我认为每个人都应该与自然建立联系，因为我们必须保护自然。

The birds are diminishing. The research shows that we've lost over 3 million birds over the past few decades and that's really scary.
鸟类正在减少。 研究表明，在过去的几十年里，我们失去了超过300万只鸟，这真的很可怕。

And I think that people aren't going to be aware of that if they're not connected to it.
我认为，如果人们不和自然建立联系，他们就不会意识到这一点。

In many places, the only legitimate place to go other than the grocery store and the hospital, is the outdoors.
在许多地方，除了杂货店和医院，唯一合法的去处是户外。

And it's a safe place to be right now as long as you keep your distance from other people.
只要你和其他人保持距离，户外就是当下安全的地方。

And so, people are going outside in ways that they never have before. And they're noticing things that they hadn't noticed before.
人们正以前所未有的方式走向户外。他们也注意到了以前从未留意过的事物。

And they are making that connection. And they're finding that birdwatching or birding, as we like to call it, is very relaxing.
他们正在与自然建立这种联系。他们会发现观鸟非常令人放松。
The basic tools for a birder are binoculars and some kind of field guide so you can figure out what the birds are.
观鸟者的基本工具是双筒望远镜和野外指南，这样你就能辨认出鸟类的品种。

I really like the Red-headed Woodpecker. That's one of my favorites.
我真的很喜欢红头啄木鸟。这是我的最爱之一。

I would encourage people to pay attention to birds. There is a whole worldwide community of birders.
我鼓励人们关注鸟类。我们聚集了全球的观鸟者群体。

I mean it's not just here. It's everywhere. It's just a lot of fun.
观鸟不只是在某个地方流行，而是在世界各地都有人参与。这非常有趣。

Stonehenge was built to mark the movements of the Sun. The huge stones were placed precisely to line up with the sunrise on the summer solstice and sunset on the winter solstice.
巨石阵是为了标示出太阳的运动轨迹而建造。这些巨石经过精准排列，与夏至日出的方位和冬至日落的方位相对齐。

The discovery in the nearby village of Bulford was a much more simple construction. All that's left of it are two pits in the ground, about 120 metres apart, which archaeologists believe held large wooden posts.
而在附近的巴尔福德村发现的这处遗址结构则简单得多。如今，它只剩下了地面上两个相距 120 米的土坑。考古学家们认为，这两个土坑里曾经竖立着大型木柱。

The holes were discovered about 10 years ago, but a new analysis examining how the posts were positioned, with the reconstruction of the ancient landscape, sky and horizon, reveals that they accurately lined upwith the Sun on the solstices.
这两个土坑早在十年前就已被发现，但一项新的分析通过研究木柱的排列方式，并结合对远古时期地形、天空和地平线的重建，发现它们与夏至和冬至时太阳的位置精确对齐。

Many young Brits are buying binoculars in hopes of encountering one of nature's most physically and audibly beautiful creatures - birds. You might think of birdwatching as an old-fashioned pastime most often enjoyed by the generations before you, but surveys conducted by the RSPB show a 47% increase in participation overall, with an even higher 1,088% surge by Gen Zers. So why do so many young people want to flock to the park to watch birds?
许多英国年轻人购买双筒望远镜，希望能邂逅自然界中最美丽、最美丽的生物之一——鸟类。 您可能认为观鸟是您的前几代人最常享受的一种老式消遣，但 RSPB 进行的调查显示，观鸟总体参与度增加了 47%，其中 Z 世代的参与度增幅甚至更高，高达 1,088%。 那么为什么这么多年轻人愿意涌入公园观鸟呢？

A group leader at RSPB Bristol highlighted how many students have joined his outings. He mentioned that some who join have 'never been out in their local nature spaces' and 'want to explore'. He added that the diversity of species you can find is impressive 'considering it's so urban' around the city. There is also the rise of a desire to disconnect from technology and go outside, or as Gen Z would call it touch grass, to help with mental health. Research from the University of Surrey has looked at how bird sounds restore attention and even alleviate stress.
布里斯托尔皇家鸟类保护协会的一位小组负责人强调了有多少学生参加了他的郊游活动。 他提到，一些加入的人“从未去过当地的自然空间”并且“想要探索”。 他补充说，“考虑到城市周围是如此城市化”，你可以发现的物种多样性令人印象深刻。 人们越来越渴望摆脱科技的束缚，到户外去，或者正如 Z 世代所说的“接触草地”，以帮助心理健康。 萨里大学的研究探讨了鸟叫声如何恢复注意力，甚至缓解压力。

Ironically, when interviewed by BBC Bristol, individuals mentioned how phones and social media have actually helped encourage the hype of this hobby. There are now a variety of apps in which you can record a birdsong and have it instantly identified. People also use social media to share knowledge and location for birds. A phenomenon known as 'bioblitzing', a combination of bio and blitzing, has emerged. This is when a walker documents as many birds and other species of animals as they can within a limited amount of time. It has been said to create a safe space in which birdwatchers can get into friendly competitions over who can spot the most! Furthermore, a buzz around the birdwatching hashtag has cultivated humour around turning 30 and entering your 'birdwatching era'.
具有讽刺意味的是，在接受 BBC 布里斯托尔采访时，人们提到手机和社交媒体实际上有助于鼓励这种爱好的炒作。 现在有多种应用程序可以让您录制鸟鸣声并立即识别。 人们还使用社交媒体分享鸟类的知识和位置。 一种被称为“生物闪电战”的现象已经出现，它是生物和闪电战的结合。 这是指步行者在有限的时间内记录尽可能多的鸟类和其他动物种类。 据说，它创造了一个安全的空间，观鸟者可以在其中进行友好的竞赛，看看谁能发现最多！ 此外，围绕观鸟主题标签的热潮在 30 岁左右进入“观鸟时代”培养了幽默感。

Whether it's the chance to reconnect with nature, improve mental wellbeing, or join a growing online community, birdwatching is no longer seen as a hobby reserved for older generations. Young people are embracing it in record numbers, using both technology and the outdoors to discover the wildlife on their doorstep. From identifying birdsongs with apps to competing in bioblitzing challenges, a modern twist has transformed the pastime into something fresh and accessible. It seems that for Gen Z and young millennials alike, birdwatching has become a hoot.
无论是重新接触大自然、改善心理健康还是加入不断发展的在线社区的机会，观鸟不再被视为老一辈人的爱好。 越来越多的年轻人热衷于利用科技和户外活动来探索家门口的野生动物。 从使用应用程序识别鸟鸣声到参加生物闪电战挑战，现代的转变已将这种消遣变成了新鲜且易于理解的东西。 对于 Z 世代和年轻的千禧一代来说，观鸟似乎已经成为一种热门话题。

Researchers at this camp overlooking Greenland's Helheim Glacier have some bad news.
俯瞰格陵兰赫尔海姆冰川的营地研究人员带来了一些坏消息。

This glacier has retreated more than 10 kilometers or so in the last decade or so, from that position far off and to my left to where you see it today.
这条冰川在过去十多年间已退缩了10公里左右，从我左侧远处的位置退到了如今你们所见的地方。

It was here in 2018 that researchers captured this footage of large chunks of ice breaking away in a process called calving.
2018年，研究人员正是在这里拍摄到了大块冰体断裂脱落的画面，这一过程被称为裂冰作用。

Scientists like New York University's David Holland measured and observed climate change. This summer Holland saw record-shattering heat and ice melt.
纽约大学的戴维·霍兰德等科学家对气候变化进行了测量和观察。今年夏天霍兰德目睹了破纪录的高温和冰层融化现象。

Large glaciers are retreating. We can detect this with satellite, with effectively cameras in space.
大型冰川正在消退，我们可以通过卫星，也就是太空中的高效摄像头，观测到这一现象。

And we're seeing a very large signal of melt coming from this one particular glacier out in West Antarctica called Thwaites.
我们正观测到来自南极洲西部斯维斯冰川发出的非常强烈的融化信号。

NASA and the European Space Agency or ESA released the study in December
美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和欧洲航天局（ESA）于12月发布了这项研究，

showing the Greenland icesheetrapidly melting, having lost nearly four trillion metric tons between 1992 and 2018.
研究显示格陵兰冰盖正在迅速融化，在1992年至2018年期间已损失了近4万亿公吨。

Holland says a similar fate appears underway in Antarctica.
霍兰德说南极洲也出现了类似的情况。

That glacier is holding back several other glaciers of the West Antarctic IceSheet.
那座冰川阻挡着南极西部冰盖的其他几座冰川。

So all told, it is conceivable and not that it will happen but it could happen, that up to 3 meters of global sea level could be unleashed unto us.
综上所述，可以想象——虽然并非必然发生但确实存在可能性——全球海平面上升幅度可能高达3米。

Cities like Alexandria, Egypt take countermeasures to slow crashing waves because of rising sea levels near ice shelves affect sea levels everywhere.
由于冰架附近海平面上升会影响全球海平面，埃及亚历山大等城市采取应对措施以减缓海浪冲击。

Warmer waters around retreating glaciers like the one in Antarctica expedite the process.
南极洲等地冰川消退，周围水域温度上升，进而加速了这一过程。

This glacier is perhaps unstable. It is certainly retreating now at a rapid rate.
这座冰川或许不稳定。它现在确实在快速消退。

It has raised its stuff to the point of now using physics, mathematics and observation.
它已将研究提升至运用物理学、数学和观测的层面。

It's actually credible, plausible that this thing could cause a major change in sea level.
实际上可信的是，这可能导致海平面发生重大变化。

A study published April in the journal Nature showed glaciers worldwide annually lose 369 billion metric tons of snow and ice.
《自然》杂志四月发表的一项研究显示，全球冰川每年流失3690亿吨冰雪。

The Greenland icesheetalone holds enough water to raise sea level by nearly seven and a half meters.
仅格陵兰冰盖所含的水量就足以使海平面上升近7.5米。

Sibongile Zulu is among the 7.7 million south Africans who are HIV positive.
西邦吉莱·祖鲁是770万感染艾滋病毒的南非人中的一员。

She takes a cocktail of antiretroviral drugs to suppress the virus.
她服用了一组抗逆转录病毒药物来抑制病毒。

When south Africa imposed a coronavirus lockdown in March, Zulu lost her job.
当南非在3月份实施新冠疫情封锁措施时，祖鲁失去了工作。

Weeks later her local clinic began to run short of some medication.
几周后，当地的诊所开始出现药物短缺。

I think for two months, I was using only one that I was supposed to use two. And if I don't use both of them, it's a big risk and I can get sick.
我想有两个月的时间，我只服用了一种药物，而我应该服用两种。如果我不同时服用两种药物，风险很大，我可能会生病。

Across the world doctors say the coronavirus pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns will likely hamper the fight against other killer diseases like tuberculosis or TB, malaria and HIV.
世界各地的医生表示，新冠疫情大流行以及随后实施的封锁措施可能会阻碍对抗结核病、疟疾和艾滋病等其他致命疾病的斗争。

Epidemiologist Dr Salim S. Abdool Karim advises the south African government on the coronavirus and has led research into other infectious diseases in Africa.
流行病学家萨利姆·阿卜杜尔·卡里姆博士就新冠疫情为南非政府提供建议，并领导了非洲其他传染病的研究。

People are scared to go to healthcare services. We have seen a decline in the number of tests for tuberculosis.
人们害怕去医疗服务机构。我们看到结核病检测数量有所下降。

We've seen a decline in the number of patients coming in to get their medications.
我们已经看到前来取药的患者数量有所下降。

So that's of deep concern because it could undo the years of work that it has taken us to get to this point.
这让人深感担忧，因为这可能会让我们多年来为达到目前这一阶段所付出的努力付诸东流。

TB cases and deaths have fallen year on year in south Africa and many other countries.
南非和许多其他国家的结核病病例和死亡人数同比下降。

But it remains one of the world's biggest killers with an estimated 1.5 million deaths last year.
但它仍是世界上最致命的疾病之一，去年估计有150万人因此丧生。
We know there's 50% decrease in TB testing in south Africa at the moment.
我们知道，目前南非的结核病检测量下降了50%。

So people are not able to go to the clinic or go to hospitals and so on.
人们无法前往诊所或医院等等。

And they're not being diagnosed with TB, and this means that they can then transmit TB further to other people. So it's just going to sort of snowball.
他们没有被诊断出患有结核病，这意味着他们随后可能会将结核病进一步传染给其他人。情况就会像滚雪球一样越来越糟。

Malaria deaths in Africa could double in 2020 warn researchers from Imperial College London, unless disrupted services such as mosquito net distribution and malaria treatments are maintained.
伦敦帝国理工学院的研究人员警告称，除非蚊帐分发和疟疾治疗等中断的服务得以维持，否则2020年非洲的疟疾死亡人数可能会翻倍。

Despite thedireforecasts, Karim says there is opportunity.
尽管预测情况严峻，但卡里姆表示仍存在机遇。

The opportunity to look at integration, integration between covid, HIV, TB and other conditions.
这个机遇在于审视整合，即新冠、艾滋病、结核病和其他疾病之间的整合。

So that when we are investing for our coronavirus vigilance, we are benefiting not just the covid epidemic, but the epidemics of HIV and TB as well.
当我们为应对新冠病毒保持警惕而投入资源时，受益的不仅是新冠疫情防控，还有艾滋病和结核病的防控。

The global community must look at the bigger picture, says McQuaid.
麦奎德说，国际社会必须着眼大局。

We start to lose gains that we've been making in recent years, hard-fought gains that we've made.
我们开始失去近年来取得的成果，那些我们经过艰苦努力才取得的成果。

And we could be pushed back five, ten, twenty years even.
我们的成果甚至会倒退五年、十年、二十年。

Huge resources have been dedicated to the fight against the coronavirus.
大量资源被用于抗击冠状病毒。

Doctors say it's vital that other deadly diseases are not neglected.
医生表示，至关重要的是不能忽视其他致命疾病。