英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

Internationally celebrated Cambodian American composer Chinary Ung has been awarded one of the highest honors in the U.S., a lifetime membership at the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
享誉国际的柬埔寨裔美国作曲家洪靖年荣获美国最高荣誉之一，成为美国艺术文学院终身会员。

Ung will be officially inducted in May. The 77-year-old composer was chosen based on his artistic merit in music composition.
洪靖年将于5月正式就职。这位77岁的作曲家因其在音乐创作方面的艺术成就而被选中。

Ung says he owes his success to his own Cambodian identity.
洪靖年说他的成功归功于自己的柬埔寨身份。

It is my culture. It's what I learned it from the rice field that I spoke of. What touches me the most and I think I am proud to say that I am a Cambodian.
这是我的文化。这是我从我所说的稻田中学到的东西。最让我感动的是，我可以很自豪地说我是一名柬埔寨人。

Ung got a scholarship to study clarinet in the U.S. in 1964, and later received a Doctor of Musical Arts from Columbia University in 1974.
洪靖年于1964年获得奖学金赴美学习单簧管，后于1974年获得哥伦比亚大学音乐艺术博士学位。

His music is known for incorporating Eastern characteristics into Western classical settings.
他的音乐以将东方特色融入西方古典背景而闻名。

In spirit my music yes does carry the background of the culture in Cambodia.
在精神上，我的音乐确实承载着柬埔寨文化的背景。

Without that background, I wouldn't be able to compose, let's say, Inner Voices.
没有那样的背景，我就无法创作出，比如说，《内心的声音》。

The twenty-minute award-winning piece Inner Voices was Ung's second orchestral work following a hiatus between 1974 and 1985.
获奖作品《内心的声音》时长二十分钟，是洪靖年继1974年至1985年间沉寂后的第二部管弦乐作品。

Ung turned his attention to the rescue of surviving relatives and the rebuilding of the editions of Cham court music.
洪靖年将注意力转向了幸存亲属的救援以及占婆宫廷音乐版本的重建。

In 1989, Inner Voices made him the first American to win the prestigious Grammy Award.
1989年，《内心的声音》让他成为首位获得久负盛名的格莱美奖的美国人。

Ung said the piece was his attempt to embrace the expressions of many cultures in a singular musical language, and he got the inspiration from a dream.
洪靖年表示，这部作品是他尝试用一种独特的音乐语言来融合多种文化的表达，他的灵感来自于一个梦。

In the dream I thought I had receive an invitation to attend a ritual, and I heard the chanting about a text
在梦里，我觉得自己收到了参加一场仪式的邀请，我听到有人在念诵一段经文，

that this young Cambodian lady, a teenager, decided to commit suicide, and left that text to her parent to set it into music, into song, funeral song, during her funeral.
说的是一位年轻的柬埔寨少女，一个十几岁的孩子，决定自杀，还留下这篇文字让她的父母在她的葬礼上把它谱成曲子，编成葬歌。

Tapping into his dream to compose Inner Voices only employed what he calls the interaction within himself to create an art that speaks to a global audience.
利用自己的梦境来创作《内心的声音》，仅运用了所谓的自我内在对话，创作出一部能与全球听众产生共鸣的艺术作品。

You are not only looking outward and what could be learned and so forth, but don't forget that another 50% is the intangible.
你不仅要向外看，思考可以学到什么等等，但别忘了，另外50%是无形的东西。

It is your feeling, which is not yours when you go deeper, you hit on archetype of dimension and so forth, and that could be share globally.
这是你的感受，当你深入探究时，它就不再完全属于你了，你会触及到维度的原型等等，而且这种感受可以在全球范围内共享。

Today Ung is a distinguished professor of music at University of California San Diego, and works to preserve and innovate Cambodian traditional music.
如今，洪靖年是加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的杰出音乐教授，致力于保护和创新柬埔寨传统音乐。

The concept continues to blow my mind. It really will enable astronauts to explore.
这个概念仍然让我惊叹不已。它真的能让宇航员进行探索。

Dr. Pascal Lee has literally gone to the ends of the earth to test equipment for NASA.
李天龙确实曾到地球的尽头为美国宇航局测试设备。

We want astronauts to go to Mars, be effective explorers, to pick up rocks, to examine fossils potentially, to look for life. All these things require dexterity.
我们希望宇航员去到火星，进行高效探索，拾起岩石，甚至可以检测化石，寻找生命。所有这些都需要灵巧的操作。

When it's pressurized, the spaceship becomes rigid, astronauts have a very hard time moving anything, the fingers are difficult to move.
当飞船加压时，舱体会变得非常坚硬，宇航员移动任何物体都极为困难，连手指都难以活动。

At a conference in Norway, Lee happened to meet some engineering students with a possible solution.
在挪威的一次会议上，李天龙偶然遇到了一些可能有解决办法的工程专业学生。

The guy was just wearing a glove, waving his hands literally, flying this very complex piece of equipment, his drone, very precisely.
他戴着手套，挥舞着双手，非常精确地操控着这台非常复杂的设备——他的无人机。

It didn't take rocket science to figure out that this had rocket science applications.
不用多高深的学问就能明白，这有航天科学方面的应用。

Pascal invited us to join the NASA hot Mars project for the summer, which was incredible.
李天龙邀请我们夏天加入NASA的火星热力项目，这简直太棒了。

To do our field testing, we go to Devon Island in the Arctic. We call Devon Island Mars on Earth.
为了进行实地测试，我们去了北极的德文岛。我们称德文岛为地球上的火星。

This glove is a first attempt to create an interface that allows the astronaut with very subtle finger motions to have these motions translated wirelessly into commands for a robotic system.
这副手套是首次尝试创建一种界面，让宇航员通过非常细微的手指动作，就能将这些动作无线传输为机器人系统的指令。

Success is leading to more collaboration with the students, who formed a company called Ntention.
该项目的成功促使了与学生们的更多合作，这些学生成立了一家名为Ntention的公司。

This year we're going to test operation of other activities, such as control of an ATV.
今年我们将测试其他活动的操作，例如控制全地形车。

The smart glove can do many things. But it cannot warn of approaching polar bears. For that there is Apollo.
智能手套能做很多事情。但它无法警告即将靠近的北极熊。为此，阿波罗应运而生。

Britain is looking for new partners and it is eyeing Africa.
英国正在寻找新的合作伙伴，并将目光投向了非洲。

With 1.2 billion people and eight of the world's 15 fastest-growing economies, Africa offers world-beating returns on investment, according to a report from the Overseas Development Institute.
海外发展研究所的一份报告显示，非洲拥有12亿人口，全球15个增长最快的经济体中非洲占了8个，投资回报率全球领先。

In the past 20 years it's about 16% and this is much higher than in other countries.
在过去的20年中，这一比例约为16％，远高于其他国家。

Even if you look at returns in Latin America and other developing countries, this case of higher returns in Africa is definitely should encourage more UK investments in the continent.
即使你观察拉丁美洲和其他发展中国家的回报率，非洲这种更高回报的情况无疑会鼓励英国在非洲大陆进行更多投资。

Britain is playing catch-up. Data from agency the International Trade Center showed France and Germany export more than double the value of goods to Africa than Britain does.
英国正在奋起直追。国际贸易中心的数据显示，法国和德国向非洲出口商品的价值是英国的两倍多。

At a London summit earlier this month, African business leaders said Britain must get proactive post Brexit.
在本月初的伦敦峰会上，非洲商界领袖表示英国必须在脱欧后积极主动。

If be okay, just sit down, the vessel will go. That turn them off. But UK companies need to come and walk with the African business model.
如果可以的话，就坐下吧，船要开了。把它们关掉。但英国公司需要参与进来，与非洲的商业模式共同发展。

British companies believe they have an edge on technology.
英国公司认为他们在技术上有优势。

The UK Space Agency is backing satellite firms that offer services to African farmers like the PRISE or Pest Risk Information Service.
英国航天局正在支持为非洲农民提供服务的卫星公司，例如PRISE。

Chris Castelli is director of programs at the UK Space Agency.
克里斯·卡斯特利是英国航天局项目主任。

So it's taking terabytes of satellite data and sending out text alerts to farmers which can tell them when pests might become a problem in the future.
它正在处理数万亿字节的卫星数据，并向农民发送文本警报，从而可以告诉他们未来何时可能出现虫灾。

African entrepreneurs are seeking investment in homegrown technology. Mobihealth is a mobile app that seeks to offer top-level health care access across Africa.
非洲企业家正在为本土技术寻求投资。Mobihealth是一款旨在为整个非洲提供顶级医疗服务的移动应用程序。

90 percent of our doctors are from the Western countries. 10% are from the rest of Africa. They provide video consultation, prescription, diagnostic tests.
90%的医生来自西方国家。10%来自非洲其他地区。他们提供视频咨询、处方和诊断检测服务。

We are looking here to connect with people who can help us to scale up our business and take this global.
我们在这里寻找能够帮助我们扩大业务规模并将其推向全球的人。

African nations need to work harder to attract investment, says the Secretary General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
联合国贸易和发展会议秘书长说，非洲国家需要加倍努力以吸引投资。

We need to develop this human resource as a contribution to the world's economy that we need to ride the conditions to make Africa the next factory of the world.
我们需要开发这一人力资源，以此为世界经济做出贡献；我们需要利用各种条件，让非洲成为世界的下一个工厂。

Then you can say, "Can Britain step in just like any other friend of Africa and offer some of the solution?"
然后你可以说：“英国能像非洲的其他朋友一样介入并提供一些解决方案吗？”

Britain says it can, but many analysts warn negotiations over its future relationship with Europe will dominate trade talks in the coming months and years.
英国表示可以，但许多分析人士警告称，未来数月乃至数年内，与欧洲未来关系的谈判将主导贸易谈判。

Its length isn't what makes the path special, says Natural England's Neil Constable, who led the project. For him, the important thing is it means you can now reach the coast anywhere in England, turn left or right, and follow the sea for as long as you like.
这条步道的长度并非它最特别的地方，这是该项目负责人、英格兰自然署官员尼尔·康斯特布尔的看法。对他而言，最重要的一点是这条步道的建成意味着现在你可以来到英格兰海岸线上的任何一个地方，向左或向右转，便能沿着海岸随心所欲地想走多远就走多远。

Creating the route has taken 18 years, an act of parliament, andextensiveplanning and construction. More than a thousand miles of new path have been built, withupgradessuch asboardwalksand bridges. Newlegal provisionsmean the route can also adapt to climate change,shiftinginlandaserosionand rising seasreshape the coastline.
这条路线的建成历时 18 年，期间通过了一项议会法案，并进行了大量的规划和建设。其中新建的步道超过 1000 英里，并增设了木栈道和桥梁等升级设施。新的法律条文确保了该路线能够应对气候变化，随着海水侵蚀和海平面升高不断重塑海岸线，步道位置可随之向内陆迁移。

Animals build their homes to achieve different living goals. Bees build hives to store and protect food, spiders spin webs to catch prey and beavers build dams to create pools. But, as you walk around a town or stroll along a countryside pathway, you may notice some unique homes up on the treetops – nests.
动物建造家园是为了实现不同的生活目标。 蜜蜂建造蜂巢来储存和保护食物，蜘蛛结网来捕捉猎物，海狸建造水坝来形成水池。 但是，当您在城镇中漫步或沿着乡村小路漫步时，您可能会注意到树顶上有一些独特的房屋 - 巢穴。

Like architects, birds carefully engineer their nests before building them. A report named Architectural traditions in the structures built by cooperative weaver birds says that their designs are influenced by those before them. A study released by iScience finds that birds follow a culture that gets passed down. Not the high culture of art, literature and music, but an older process of transmitting traits and skills through generations.
像建筑师一样，鸟类在建造巢穴之前会仔细设计它们。 一份名为《合作织鸟建造的建筑中的建筑传统》的报告称，它们的设计受到了前辈的影响。 iScience 发布的一项研究发现，鸟类遵循一种可以传承下来的文化。 不是艺术、文学和音乐的高雅文化，而是代代相传特征和技能的古老过程。

Bird nest building: visions for the future, says that birds who are first-time builders will often copy familiar individuals, highlighting how important this individual, perhaps the parent, is. Sound familiar? An article in the National Library of Medicine explains how children learn by imitating their caregiver.
鸟巢建造：对未来的愿景 首次建造鸟巢的鸟儿经常会模仿熟悉的个体，这强调了这个个体（也许是父母）的重要性。 听起来很熟悉吗？ 国家医学图书馆的一篇文章解释了孩子如何通过模仿他们的照顾者来学习。

These behaviours, though, can also change in response to pressures of natural selection, a term coined by Charles Darwin in his theory of evolution. Competition is one of the three components of that theory.
不过，这些行为也会因自然选择的压力而发生变化，自然选择是查尔斯·达尔文在其进化论中创造的术语。 竞争是该理论的三个组成部分之一。

And it's not just in the human world where certain property locations are highly desirable. Some species of birds even steal nest locations from others. Studies at the Zoological Society of London have discovered that invasive species will compete with native birds for suitable trees to build their nests in. Experiments published in Science Direct also show that most female birds look for fresh, green nests when choosing their mate. A report from RSPB further adds that in some species of birds, such as wrens, the male will build multiple nests from which the female can choose her favourite and even tidy it up. This tells us that, like humans, the quality of a home, in addition to its location and cleanliness, can influence whether a pair of birds decide to live and start a family there.
不仅仅是在人类世界中，某些房产位置非常令人向往。 有些鸟类甚至会窃取其他鸟类的巢穴位置。 伦敦动物学会的研究发现，入侵物种会与本地鸟类竞争合适的树木来筑巢。《Science Direct》上发表的实验还表明，大多数雌性鸟类在选择配偶时都会寻找新鲜、绿色的巢穴。 皇家鸟类保护协会的一份报告进一步补充说，在某些鸟类中，例如鹪鹩，雄性会建造多个巢，雌性可以从中选择她最喜欢的，甚至清理它。 这告诉我们，像人类一样，房屋的质量，除了位置和清洁度之外，还会影响一对鸟是否决定在那里生活并建立家庭。