英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

Overpriced shop-bought sandwiches, underwhelming food from your work canteen or pricey local restaurants. If those are the alternatives, then it's unsurprising that many of us think leftovers make the perfect lunch. Leftovers are a good way to cut down on food waste. If you've cooked them yourself, then you can be sure what all the ingredients are and where they've come from. But how safe are leftovers? Could there be a danger lurking in your lunchbox?
商店购买的三明治价格过高，工作食堂或当地昂贵餐馆的食物平淡无奇。 如果这些都是替代方案，那么我们中的许多人认为剩菜是完美的午餐就不足为奇了。 剩菜剩饭是减少食物浪费的好方法。 如果您自己煮过它们，那么您可以确定所有成分是什么以及它们来自哪里。 但剩菜有多安全呢？ 你的午餐盒里是否潜藏着危险？

It's not just you that loves your leftovers. The BBC's Trust Me, I'm a Doctor programme tells us that they are also great for bacteria like listeria, salmonella and campylobacter. They can nourish themselves on the food we love and multiply incredibly quickly. One campylobacter bacterium can multiply to 70,000 million bacteria in just 12 hours. Food poisoning caused by these bacteria usually makes people mildly unwell but can also cause more serious life-threatening illnesses. What do we need to think about to keep our leftovers safe?
不只是你喜欢吃剩菜。 BBC 的“相信我，我是医生”节目告诉我们，它们对于李斯特菌、沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌等细菌也很有用。 它们可以靠我们喜爱的食物来滋养自己，并以惊人的速度繁殖。 一个弯曲杆菌可以在短短 12 小时内繁殖到 700 亿个细菌。 这些细菌引起的食物中毒通常会使人出现轻微不适，但也可能导致更严重的危及生命的疾病。 为了保证剩菜的安全，我们需要考虑什么？

Temperature control is important to stop bacteria growing on your food. Food safety experts warn of a danger zone between 8C and 63C. At these temperatures bacteria can grow easily on your leftover food. Refrigerating your leftovers slows bacteria growth, and this is why experts recommend putting your leftover food in the fridge within two hours. You should also cover any food in the refrigerator because air can contain contaminants, and also, many pathogens need oxygen to grow. However, do remember that fridges only slow bacteria growth, not stop it, so most leftovers should only be left in the fridge for two days.
温度控制对于阻止细菌在食物上生长非常重要。 食品安全专家警告说，8 摄氏度至 63 摄氏度之间存在危险区域。 在这样的温度下，细菌很容易在剩下的食物上生长。 冷藏剩菜可以减缓细菌的生长，这就是为什么专家建议在两小时内将剩菜放入冰箱的原因。 您还应该盖住冰箱中的所有食物，因为空气中可能含有污染物，而且许多病原体需要氧气才能生长。 但是，请记住，冰箱只能减缓细菌的生长，而不能阻止细菌的生长，因此大多数剩菜只能在冰箱中保存两天。

Temperature is also important if you are reheating leftovers. Instructions often recommend heating food until it's piping hot or steaming hot throughout. Clinical microbiology lecturer Primrose Freestone recommends that ovens are set to at least 163C and that food's internal temperature should reach at least 74C. Other experts tell us that food heated in the microwave should be stirred halfway through the process so that it's cooked all the way through.
如果您要重新加热剩菜，温度也很重要。 说明书通常建议加热食物，直到整个食物变得滚烫或热气腾腾。 临床微生物学讲师Primrose Freestone建议烤箱温度至少设置为163摄氏度，食物内部温度至少应达到74摄氏度。 其他专家告诉我们，用微波炉加热的食物应该在过程中途搅拌，以便完全煮熟。

Leftovers can be an economical way to cut down on food waste. However, it's important that we store and reheat food carefully to make sure that it stays safe to eat.
剩菜是减少食物浪费的一种经济方法。 然而，重要的是我们要小心储存和重新加热食物，以确保其食用安全。

If you've been on one of these calls, you've probably experienced people talking over each other. And then, there's this.
如果你参加过这样的电话会议，大概经历过大家互相抢话的情况。然后，就会出现这样的状况。

If someone's dog comes into it or someone stops paying attention, then you might miss what someone is saying.
如果有人的狗闯进来了，或者有人走神了，那么你可能会错过别人正在说的话。

Ryan Ottens' online business class in virtual reality or VR eliminates the distractions of a video conference call.
瑞安·奥滕斯（Ryan Ottens）的虚拟现实在线商务课程消除了视频会议中的干扰因素。

I can't see my phone. I can't see an email pop-up. So I'm fully focused on a great learning environment.
我看不见我的手机，看不到弹出的电子邮件。我全心投入于营造一个绝佳的学习环境。

Pagoni VR through its project Chimera created the VR experience with Ottens' class at Temple University.
帕戈尼虚拟现实公司通过其“奇美拉”项目，与奥滕斯所在的天普大学班级共同打造了虚拟现实体验。

The students appear as avatars in the virtual classroom and the teacher shows up as either an avatar or real video that's live or recorded.
学生们以虚拟形象出现在虚拟教室中，而老师则通过实时的虚拟形象或录制的真实视频现身。

This still gets the feeling of being a community. Our sound is positional. So if that person spoke and they were to my left, I knew to look to the left and I would see them.
这依然能感受到社区的归属感，我们的声音具有定位性。如果说话人在我左边， 我就知道要看向左边，然后就能看到他们。

Improvements in VR hardware allow headsets and handheld controllers to track head and hand movements through cameras and sensors.
虚拟现实硬件的改进使得耳机和手持控制器能够通过摄像头和传感器追踪头部和手部的动作。

When participants move their hands in the real world, your avatar's hands also move.
当参与者在现实世界中移动手时，虚拟形象的手也会跟着移动。

The technology has allowed a growing number of companies such as Pagoni VR to create a virtual reality meeting space for users.
这项技术让越来越多的公司，比如帕戈尼虚拟现实公司，能够为用户打造虚拟现实会议空间。

With increased demand, the biggest challenge is getting VR headsets during the pandemic shutdowns.
随着需求增加，最大的挑战是在疫情封锁期间获取虚拟现实耳机。

Harder availability, a lot of it is where the hardware, is manufacturers, so a point being made that a lot of this is coming from China.
获取难度更大，很多问题出在硬件制造商方面，所以有人指出很多硬件都来自中国。

As factories start making headsets again, anyone thinking of trying a VR meeting probably shouldn't be immersed for more than an hour at a time in a heavy headset, warns Ottens.
当工厂又开始生产耳机时， 任何想尝试虚拟现实会议的人，每次佩戴沉重的耳机可能不应超过一小时。

Usually the dizziness and headaches would start towards the last five to ten minutes, I could tell, it was right around the time, it was almost like my body's like I'm done.
通常头晕和头痛会在最后五到十分钟开始，我能感觉到，差不多就是那个时候，几乎像是我的身体在说我不行了。

Other applications for a VR meeting include worship services and entertainment.
虚拟现实会议的其他应用还包括宗教仪式和娱乐活动。

Hello everyone, we're excited to see you. The participants do a meet and greet.
大家好，我们很高兴见到你们。参与者见面并打招呼。

Kasmo is a three and a half-year-old golden retriever.
卡斯莫是一只三岁半的金毛猎犬。

Before going into virtual breakout rooms, there, the children read to pal dogs and their owners for 30 minutes, Spending 15 minutes with two different pups.
在进入虚拟分组讨论室之前，孩子们给狗狗及其主人朗读了30分钟的内容，分别与两只不同的小狗互动了15分钟。

So far, 250 kids have signed up for the sessions which keep growing to keep up with the demand.
到目前为止，已有250个孩子报名参加这些课程，而课程数量还在不断增加以满足需求。

I think the program has been popular because it's something that is new and it's exciting it's fun.
我认为这个节目很受欢迎，因为它很新鲜，令人兴奋，很有趣。

And that's also true for six-year-old Lucy who hopes Hami enjoyed today's story.
对于六岁的露西来说也是如此，她希望哈密喜欢今天的故事。

I think he understand it because my book is about animal.
我想他能理解。因为我的书是关于动物的。

Haworth says the program helps kids enhance their reading skills and gain self-confidence.
海沃思说，这个项目帮助孩子们提高阅读技能，并获得自信。

It's awesome to just have an audience that isn't judging. It doesn't care if you mispronounced a word.
有一个不评判的观众真是太棒了，他们不在乎你是否读错了单词。

As words got around about pals in reading program, children from elsewhere in the United States and from Canada began signing up for the sessions.
当人们开始了解这个阅读项目后，来自美国其他地方和加拿大的儿童也开始报名参加这些课程。

This includes eight-year-old Lincoln from Richmond Virginia who is reading The Cat in The Hat to Krusty and the pal volunteer Kerry Scheffers. I love it.
这包括来自弗吉尼亚州里士满的8岁男孩林肯，他正在给克鲁斯蒂和志愿者伙伴凯瑞·谢弗斯读《戴帽子的猫》。我超爱这个故事。

"I know some good games we could play," Said the cat. "I know some new tricks," Said the Cat in the Hat. I like the rhymes. The dogs really mostly pictures and not words.“
我知道一些我们可以玩的好游戏，”猫说道。“我知道一些新把戏，”戴帽子的猫说。 我喜欢这些押韵的句子。那些狗其实主要是图片，没什么文字。

Lincoln's mother says her son perks up when he reads to the dogs.
林肯的母亲说她的儿子在给狗读书时会振作起来

I noticed especially after the first time how happy and confident he seemed to feel.
我注意到，尤其是在第一次阅读之后，他看上去是多么的快乐和自信。

Even after the Washington area's libraries reopened, Haworth plans to continue the virtual program.
即使在华盛顿地区的图书馆重新开放之后， 海沃思计划继续这个虚拟程序。

Will you hold up your book? We expect kids to continue from all over the country, potentially the world.
你能拿着书吗？我们期望来自全国各地，甚至可能是全世界的孩子们继续参与。

And we look forward to one day welcoming dogs from around the country.
我们期待有一天欢迎来自全国各地的狗。

These people can breathe life into pretty much anything: out-of-fashion jeans, boring dresses, torn canvas totes and even car tyres.
这些人几乎能让任何东西焕发生机：过时的牛仔裤、单调的连衣裙、破旧的帆布包，甚至是汽车轮胎。

My necklace was made of tyres, inner tub, recycle, so basically you can touch it.
我的项链是用轮胎内胎回收制成的，你可以摸到它。

Dedication to sustainability and a bit of creativity can spice up any wardrobe.
致力于可持续发展并发挥一点创造力，就能让任何衣橱焕然一新。

This was originally a blanket from the thrift store and I bought it, and I combined it into the clothes I already had at home.
这原本是我从二手店买来的一条毯子，我把它和家里现有的衣服搭配在一起了。

So I made these into the three pockets like a cowboy. 29-68, that's the address of my house where I started my brand.
我像牛仔一样把这些做成了三个口袋。29-68是我开始创立品牌时所住房子的地址。

Refashion is the joint initiative of the New York City Department of Sanitation and local fashion designers.
“重塑时尚”是纽约市卫生局和当地时装设计师的联合倡议。

The main goal is to learn and teach other sustainability and the many ways to rethink and recycle what we already have in the most environmentally friendly way.
主要目标是学习并向他人传授可持续发展理念，以及以最环保的方式重新思考和回收利用我们现有物品的多种方法。

What we're really trying to do here at the Department of Sanitation is connect the fashion industry and sort of young designers and talent, and help them overcome our challenge of textile waste.
纽约市卫生局真正想做的，是将时尚产业、年轻设计师以及新锐人才联系起来，帮助他们应对纺织品浪费这一难题。

The challenge is indeed daunting. According to the publication The Balance, an average American buys 60% more items of clothing every year and keeps them for about half as long as 15 years ago.
这项挑战确实令人望而生畏。根据The Balance杂志的数据，如今美国人年均服装购买量比过去增加了60%，而保留衣物的时间仅为15年前的一半。

Charities and secondhand stores can't consume all the used clothing. A giant amount goes to waste.
慈善机构和二手商店不能消耗所有的旧衣服。大量的旧衣物都被浪费了。

This lab just outside New York City turns used clothing into something new using only pure cotton items. Buttons, zippers and synthetic inserts are carefully removed.
这个位于纽约市郊外的实验室只用纯棉物品将旧衣物改造成新东西。纽扣、拉链和合成材料嵌件被小心地移除。

A special solvent sinks the fabric structure, and the special spinning wheel turns the resulting mass into new fiber.
一种特殊溶剂会溶解织物结构，而特殊的纺纱轮将产生的物质转化为新的纤维。

This fiber was made from 100 percent post-consumer cotton garment waste. These are old T-shirts, socks that you think there's no value for.
这种纤维是由100%的消费后棉质服装废料制成的。这些就是你认为毫无价值的旧T恤、袜子。

We basically liquefied them and we turned them into a new fiber, and we can take this fiber, spin it into yarn and make textiles.
我们基本上是把它们液化，然后将其制成了一种新纤维，我们可以拿这种纤维纺成纱线，再制成纺织品。

Stella McCartney, Adidas, Levi's, these big brands use such recycled fiber for wholly new collections. Smaller brands also find ways to recycle creatively.
斯特拉·麦卡特尼、阿迪达斯、李维斯，这些大品牌都使用这种再生纤维来打造全新系列。小品牌也在寻找有创意的回收利用方法。

All the products that we have here were made of recycled materials. So we have plastics, we have tyres, we have plastic bottles.
我们这里所有的产品都是用回收材料制成的。我们有塑料、轮胎、塑料瓶。

Buying used clothing has a lot of advantages, believes Isabel Varela. She used to be a shopaholic, but her passion caused her to have large debts.
伊莎贝尔·巴雷拉认为，购买二手服装有很多好处。她曾经是个购物狂，但这种癖好让她欠下了巨额债务。

Varela realized she was doing herself a disservice and started buying used items.
巴雷拉意识到自己这样做对自己不利，于是开始购买二手物品。

Having a helpful relationship with clothing. So we do need clothing and we do need a shop for basics, but it's behind.
合理地购买服装。我们确实需要衣物，也确实需要一家能买到基本款衣物的商店，但这并非首要之事。

It's like go to thrift stores, swap shops, shop in your closet to see what we really have.
这就像去二手商店、交换商店逛逛，翻翻自己的衣橱，看看我们到底有什么。

Reviewing, resewing, combining, this is the latest trend of the fashion industry.
翻新、重缝、拼接，这就是时尚界的最新潮流。

And while some clothes may only be good for landfill, many more are destined for a second chance in life. [解析]
虽然有些衣服可能只适合填埋，但更多的衣服注得第二次生命。

On the floor of the North Atlantic Ocean rests one of history's most fantastic failures, the unsinkable RMS Titanic.
在北大西洋海底躺着历史上最引人注目的失败之一——号称“永不沉没”的泰坦尼克号。

The salvage firm RMS Titanic Inc has so far recovered more than 5,000 pieces of dinnerware and coins from the wreckage.
打捞公司泰坦尼克号公司到目前为止已经从残骸中打捞出了5000多件餐具和硬币。

They say after all these years underwater, time is running out to dredge the Marconi wireless telegraph machine that transmitted the Titanic's frantic distress calls.
他们说，在水下沉睡了这么多年之后，打捞那台曾发送泰坦尼克号紧急求救信号的马可尼无线电报机的时间已经不多了。

RMS Titanic Inc's president Bretton Hunchak: The roof has degraded significantly and the wreck is essentially collapsing in upon itself.
泰坦尼克号公司的总裁布雷顿·汉查克：船顶已经严重退化，残骸也正在不断坍塌。

So we're at a point where the Marconi is really in a detrimental area, where we believe in a short period of time it will fall in upon itself, leaving the Marconi sort of to be lost to the seafloor.
马可尼无线电报机正处于一个不利位置，我们认为在短时间内船体残骸可能会坍塌，马可尼无线电报机可能会沉没在海底。

At the time the Titanic was the world's biggest ship. The luxury ocean liner set sail from London to New York, but struck an iceberg on April 14th, 1912.
当时泰坦尼克号是世界上最大的轮船。这艘豪华远洋客轮从伦敦启航前往纽约，但在1912年4月14日撞上了一座冰山。

The ship sent distress signals in Morse code using the relatively new Marconi wireless telegraph.
这艘船使用相对较新的马可尼无线电报，用摩尔斯电码发出了求救信号。

Less than three hours later, it's sunk. Only 700 of the more than 2,000 people on board survived.
不到三个小时后，它就沉没了。船上2000多人中只有700人幸存。

The Marconi is sort of I believe this generation's next step, and I believe that bringing a tangible part of Titanic to the masses, as opposed to just a few people that get to go see it, really makes that story real for them.
我认为马可尼无线电报机可以说是这一代人的下一个探索目标，我觉得把泰坦尼克号实实在在的一部分展示给大众，而不只是让少数人有机会去参观，能让他们真切地感受到那段历史。

It's a human interest piece. It's an incredible piece of technology, especially for its day.
这是一件充满了人情味的物品。这是一项令人惊叹的技术成果，尤其是在当时那个年代。

And it's the reason that I think the legacy of Titanic still exists in the strength that it does.
这就是我认为泰坦尼克号的传奇之所以能保持如此强大影响力的原因。

But outside of the Titanic Belfast Museum, not everyone shares Hunchak's quest to raise the Titanic or even parts of it, fearing the stress of extraction on the sunken ship.
但在贝尔法斯特泰坦尼克号博物馆外，并非所有人都认同汉查克打捞泰坦尼克号甚至其部分残骸的想法，他们担心打捞过程会对沉船造成压力。

Parliamentarian Gavin Robinson: We will learn nothing new. There are other Marconi radios, just exactly the same that are present in other museums available throughout the world.
国会议员加文·罗宾逊：我们不会有新发现。世界上其他博物馆也陈列着完全相同的马可尼无线电设备。

You can learn and understand without the need to go in and wreck and destroy.
你可以学习和理解，而不必进去破坏和摧毁。

Engineers built Titanic and its tender, the SS Nomadic in Belfast.
工程师们在贝尔法斯特建造了泰坦尼克号及其附属船只游牧号。

Today a battle wages in the United States, where the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration argues in court
今天，一场激烈的争论在美国展开，美国国家海洋和大气管理局在法庭上辩称，

that the retrieval run goes against previous court orders prohibiting the removal of anything from the ship itself.
打捞行动违反了先前禁止从沉船本身移走任何物品的法庭命令。