英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

Some South African organizations that assist people with HIV are in limbo after the United States put a 90-day freeze on most foreign aid.
在美国对大部分外援实施为期90天的冻结后，一些帮助艾滋病毒感染者的南非组织陷入了困境。

U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio has said he wants to bring the agency's activities in line with the new government's "America First" agenda. Kate Bartlett reports from Johannesburg.
美国国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥（Marco Rubio）表示，他希望该机构的活动符合新政府的“美国优先”议程。凯特·巴特利特（Kate Bartlett）在约翰内斯堡报道。

South Africa has the highest number of HIV-positive people in the world, about 8 million, but has also been a huge success story in terms of treatment and preventing new infections.
南非是世界上艾滋病毒感染者最多的国家，约800万人，但在治疗和预防新感染方面也取得了巨大的成功。

That's largely due to the money poured into expert HIV care here, some 17 percent of which comes from a U.S. program called the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR.
这在很大程度上要归功于南非投入到专业艾滋病毒治疗的资金，其中约17%来自美国的一项名为“总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划”（PEPFAR）的计划。

But a 90-day foreign aid funding freeze is in effect, following an executive order by President Trump last month, while the State Department has issued a waiver to continue paying for "life-saving" services.
但根据特朗普总统上个月的一项行政命令，为期90天的外援资金冻结已经生效，而美国国务院已发布豁免，继续支付“救命”服务的费用。

What that includes remains unclear to many South African organizations that receive funding from PEPFAR. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said this week that the waiver was clear.
对于许多接受PEPFAR资助的南非组织来说，这包括哪些内容仍不清楚。美国国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥本周表示，豁免条款很明确。

"If it saves lives, if it's emergency life-saving aid - food, medicine, whatever - they have a waiver. I don't know how much clearer we can be."
“如果它能挽救生命，如果它是紧急救生援助——食品、药品，无论什么——他们都有豁免。我不知道我们还能有多清楚。”

The South African government says it was blindsided by the U.S. aid freeze, according to Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi, who convened a meeting about PEPFAR on Wednesday.
南非卫生部长阿伦·莫措阿莱迪（Aaron Motsoaledi）周三召集了一次关于PEPFAR的会议，他表示，美国援助冻结令南非政府措手不及。

Motsoaledi also said he has sought clarification on the waiver.
莫措阿莱迪还表示，他已寻求对豁免条款的澄清。

"If you say American money cannot be used for LGBTQWI+ and we do the counseling and testing and somebody who falls within that category, transgender, tests HIV-positive, can they not be helped? Even if it's lifesaving?"
“如果你说美国的钱不能用于LGBTQWI+，而我们进行咨询和检测，而属于该类别的某个变性人，检测出HIV阳性，难道他们就得不到帮助吗？即使这是为了救命？”

On Wednesday, a group of health organizations sent a letter to the South African government saying at least 900,000 patients with HIV were directly affected by the U.S. stop-work orders. Kate Bartlett, VOA News, Johannesburg.
周三，一些卫生组织致信南非政府，称至少有90万艾滋病患者直接受到美国停工令的影响。美国之音新闻记者凯特·巴特利特在约翰内斯堡报道。

President Trump's move to freeze most foreign aid has also brought health care services to a halt at refugee camps on the Thai-Myanmar border. Reuters correspondent Fiona Jones reports.
特朗普总统冻结大部分外援的举动也导致泰缅边境难民营的医疗服务陷入停顿。路透社记者菲奥娜·琼斯（Fiona Jones）报道。

A group of Thai medics battled to save the life of elderly Myanmar refugee Adabi.
一群泰国医务人员奋力挽救缅甸老年难民阿达比的生命。

Previously the U.S.-funded International Rescue Committee would have treated her and the tens of thousands of other refugees living in camps on the Thai-Myanmar border.
此前，美国资助的国际救援委员会将为她和生活在泰缅边境难民营的数万名其他难民提供治疗。

But President Trump's freeze on most foreign aid has forced seriously ill patients like Adabi to rely on Thailand's state-run facilities instead.
但特朗普总统冻结大部分外援，迫使像阿达比这样的重病患者转而依赖泰国国营医疗机构。

Last week, the government vowed to support refugee health care following the U.S. aid suspension. Reuters correspondent Fiona Jones.
上周，美国暂停援助后，政府誓言支持难民医疗保健。路透社记者菲奥娜·琼斯报道。

Hi, I'm VOA's Alexis Strope with your worldwide news update.
大家好，我是美国之音新闻记者Alexis Strope，为您带来全球新闻更新。

President Donald Trump has signed an executive order formalizing his announcement earlier this week that he'll freeze assistance to South Africa for a law aiming to address some of the wrongs of South Africa's racist apartheid era.
本周早些时候，唐纳德·特朗普总统签署了一项行政命令，正式宣布他将冻结对南非的援助，以支持一项旨在修正南非种族隔离时代一些错误的法律。

The White House says the law amounts to discrimination against the country's white minority.
白宫表示，这项法律相当于对该国白人少数群体的歧视。

As long as South Africa continues to support bad actors on the world stage and allows violent attacks on innocent, disfavored minority farmers, the United States will stop aid and assistance to the country, the White House said in a summary of the order.
白宫在行政命令摘要中表示，只要南非继续支持世界舞台上的坏人，并允许对无辜、不受青睐的少数族裔农民进行暴力袭击，美国就会停止对该国的援助。

The White House said Trump is also going to announce a program to resettle white South African farmers and their families as refugees.
白宫表示，特朗普还将宣布一项计划，将南非白人农民及其家人作为难民重新安置。

The order also references South Africa's role in bringing accusations of genocide against Israel before the International Court of Justice.
该命令还提到了南非在将以色列种族灭绝指控提交国际法院方面所起的作用。

President Donald Trump's executive order on birthright citizenship faces another legal challenge. AP correspondent Haya Panjwani reports.
唐纳德·特朗普总统关于出生公民权的行政命令面临另一项法律挑战。美联社记者Haya Panjwani报道。

A federal judge in Boston will consider a request from 18 states to block President Donald Trump's executive order ending birthright citizenship for the children of parents who are in the United States illegally.
波士顿的一名联邦法官将考虑18个州提出的阻止唐纳德·特朗普总统的行政命令的请求，该命令终止非法移民子女的出生公民权。

The hearing comes after a federal judge in Seattle blocked the effort and said Trump was trying to change the constitution with an executive order.
听证会开始之前，西雅图的一名联邦法官阻止该举措并表示特朗普试图通过行政命令改变宪法。

Plaintiffs in the Boston suit also say Trump's order would cost states funding.
波士顿诉讼的原告还表示，特朗普的命令将耗费各州的资金。

They rely on it to provide essential services like foster care, health care for low income children and early interventions for infants, toddlers and students with disabilities.
他们依靠它来提供基本服务，如寄养、低收入儿童的医疗保健以及对婴幼儿和残疾学生的早期干预。

Massachusetts Attorney General Andrea Joy Campbell: "... but newborn babies are not criminals.
马萨诸塞州总检察长安德里亚·乔伊·坎贝尔（Andrea Joy Campbell）说道：“……但新生婴儿不是罪犯。

This order targets innocent newborns that have done absolutely nothing wrong.
这项命令针对的是没有做错任何事的无辜新生儿。

They do not deserve to be punished solely because of their parents' immigration status." Audio courtesy of WCVB.
他们不应该仅仅因为父母的移民身份而受到惩罚。”音频由WCVB提供。

When news spread late last year that the Fermilab National AcceleratorLaboratoryin suburban Chicago was part of a project achieving quantum teleportation, it conjured up scenes from the classic science fiction franchise Star Trek in which the show's characters could beam from one location to another.
去年年底，当有消息传出芝加哥郊外的费米国家加速器实验室参与了一个实现量子隐形传态的项目时，这不禁让人联想到经典科幻系列《星际迷航》中的场景——剧中角色可以从一个地点瞬间传送到另一个地点。

That's not what we're doing here. What we're doing here actually is we're moving information without even physically moving the qubit that contains information.
这并非我们在这里的目的。我们在这里实际做的是，无需物理移动承载信息的量子比特，就能传输信息。

Fermilab scientist Panagiotis Spentzouris is one of the co-authors of a study documenting the advancement of sending or teleporting information or qubit, a unit of quantum computing code.
费米实验室的科学家Panagiotis Spentzouris是这项研究的合著者之一，该研究记录了发送或传送信息或量子比特（量子计算代码的单位）的进展。

Over 40 kilometers through fiber cables, it brings developers one step closer to building a sustainable and widely used quantum internet, which would allow a lot of information to be shared faster and more securely.
它通过光纤电缆跨越四十多公里，让开发者距离构建可持续且被广泛使用的量子互联网更近一步，这种量子互联网能够让大量信息以更快、更安全的方式共享。

Quantum communication has very appealing attributes. I mean, you cannot eavesdrop in a way that will not be detected.
量子通信具有非常吸引人的特性。你无法在不被发现的情况下进行窃听。

What we achieved here with the systems is that we have produced systems that they can continually operate and perform quantum measurements at all times as a system, not just as a single experiment.
我们借助这些系统所达成的成果是，我们制造出了能够持续运行并随时作为系统进行量子测量的系统，而不仅仅是单次实验。

Physicist Maria Spiropulu, based at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California, says quantum teleportation could sustain networks that enhance GPS and speed up and amplify communication at great distances with spacecraft and probes, among many other possibilities.
位于加利福尼亚州帕萨迪纳市的加州理工学院的物理学家Maria Spiropulu表示，量子隐形传态可以维持能增强全球定位系统性能、加快并放大与远距离航天器及探测器通信的网络，还具备许多其他可能性。

While building a new quantum internet would revolutionize the way we share sensitive information, the physical technology to make it all work is still in its infancy.
尽管构建全新的量子互联网会彻底改变我们传输敏感信息的方式，但支撑这一切落地的物理技术目前仍处于起步阶段。

You're trying to make them forward compatible so that when material scientists and condensed matter people give you more instrumentation and devices, more advanced devices that you can plug them in.
你在努力让它们具备向前兼容性，这样当材料科学家和凝聚态物理领域的人员为你提供更多仪器和设备、更先进的设备时，你就能把它们接入使用。

In 2020, the US Department of Energy laid out a blueprint for a national quantum network using its 17 national laboratories, including Fermilab as the central network for the project.
2020年，美国能源部利用其17个国家实验室制定了一份国家量子网络蓝图，其中费米实验室作为该项目的中央网络。

Scientists and researchers say it represents one of the most important technological frontiers of the 21st century and hope to implement it in the next decade.
科学家和研究人员表示，这代表了21世纪最重要的技术前沿之一，并希望能在未来十年将其落地应用。

There has been a lot of investment worldwide and in the US, for I want to say 30, maybe 40 years, it is well funded and explored, and there's both industry and academia and government that has invested.
全球范围内以及美国都有大量投资，我想说大约有30年，甚至可能40年，资金充足且研究深入，产业界、学术界和政府都进行了投资。

But experts say today's technology which only teleports information is still a long way off from realizing the dreams made popular by Star Trek.
但专家表示，如今只能传送信息的技术，距离实现《星际迷航》所普及的梦想仍有很长的路要走。

It doesn't mean that we can beam up Scotty or anybody else or a cat or anything else.
这并不意味着我们可以把斯科特或者任何其他人、或者一只猫、或者其他任何东西传送上去。

We cannot move matter right now, and if we ever manage to do it, it's going to be with a different process.
我们现在还无法移动物质，而如果我们有朝一日能够做到，也得通过一种截然不同的方法。

A process that unlike quantum teleportation still only exists in the realm of science fiction.
这一过程与量子隐形传态不同，目前仍只存在于科幻小说的范畴中。

What if you could control your car, turn on your oven, or sign your name by touching an invisible screen?
要是你能通过触摸一块看不见的屏幕操控汽车、打开烤箱、或是签名，会怎么样？

Ultraleap, a British and California firm, uses ultrasound waves to create the sensation of touch mid-air. A camera tracks hand motions.
英国与美国加州合资的公司Ultraleap利用超声波在空中制造触感。摄像头追踪手部动作。

You can keep your eyes on the road. You can feel the button go click.
你可以让眼睛一直盯着路面。你可以感觉到按钮发出咔嗒一声。

Ultraleap works with museums, car manufacturers, and other industries to create invisible screens in mid-air, and with augmented reality headsets to bring more information to people's experiences.
Ultraleap与博物馆、汽车制造商及其他行业合作，在空中打造隐形屏幕，并借助增强现实头显丰富人们的体验感受。

With the pandemic, Ultraleap turned its technology toward touch screens in restaurants and stores, touch screens that some people no longer want to touch.
疫情期间，Ultraleap公司将其技术转向了餐厅和商店中的触摸屏，因为有些人不再愿意触碰这类传统的触摸屏。

People are becoming so much more conscious of what they're touching, particularly in an out of home environment, where they don't have so much control over what they're touching, and what may have touched it before.
人们对自己触摸到的东西越来越在意，尤其是在户外环境中，因为他们对自己触摸的对象以及此前可能接触过它的事物，并没有太多掌控力。

The technology may take a little getting used to. In a car to control music, temperature or the map, there are two gestures to learn.
这项技术可能需要一点时间来适应。在车内控制音乐、温度或地图，有两个手势需要学习。

One is a pinch gesture which is used for selection, and then the other one is what we call the drop the mic gesture, where you just release your hand like that.
一种是用于选择的捏合手势，另一种是我们所说的“扔麦”手势，你只需像那样松开手。

The driver can feel vibrations with the gesture as if you are physically touching something.
司机可以通过手势感受到振动，仿佛真的触碰到了什么东西。

You're feeling little pulses at each increment of the setting. It's a new way of interacting with machines touch free and in the air.
你会在设置的每一次档位变化时感受到轻微的脉冲震动。这是一种无需接触、在空中就能与机器互动的全新方式。

January 28th, 1986, before a television audience, seven passengers aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger took flight from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
1986年1月28日，在电视观众面前，挑战者号航天飞机上的七名乘客从佛罗里达州的肯尼迪航天中心起飞。

Among them was Christa McAuliffe, who was selected in a nationwide search for a teacher to be NASA's first citizen passenger in space.
其中一位是克里斯塔·麦考利芙，她是在全国范围内选拔出来的教师，将成为NASA首位进入太空的普通公民乘客。

I don't think any teacher has ever been more ready to have two lessons in my life.
我认为在我的教学生涯中，从来没有哪位老师像我这样准备好上两节课。

I've been preparing these in September, and I just hope everybody tunes in on day 4 now to watch the teacher teaching from space.
我一直在九月份准备这些内容，现在只希望大家都能在第四天收看老师从太空授课。

Just 73 seconds after takeoff disaster after a rubber seal in one of the shuttle's twin booster rockets failed, triggering an explosion that doomed all on board.
起飞后仅73秒，灾难降临——航天飞机的两枚助推火箭之一的橡胶密封圈失效，引发爆炸，致使机上所有人员全部遇难。

Then president Ronald Reagan eulogized the crew and called them heroes.
随后，罗纳德·里根总统悼念了机组人员，并称他们为英雄。

And while the flight exposed failures in NASA management who ignored safety warnings from scientists, it's widely regarded as planting the seed for shuttle development in today's commercial space flights.
尽管这次飞行暴露了NASA管理层忽视科学家安全警告的失误，但人们普遍认为，它为当今商业太空飞行中的航天飞机发展播下了种子。

Companies like SpaceX have even flown missions to the International Space Station, where on Wednesday astronauts Michael Hopkins and Victor Glover spacewalk to finish installing a European science platform and complete long-term battery upgrades.
像SpaceX这样的公司甚至已经执行了前往国际空间站的任务，周三，宇航员迈克尔·霍普金斯和维克多·格洛弗在那里进行太空行走，以完成欧洲科学平台的安装，并完成长期电池升级任务。

The advancements can further research on Earth observation, robotics, material science and astrophysics. This according to a tweet from the space station's twitter account.
这些进展可进一步推动地球观测、机器人技术、材料科学和天体物理学领域的研究。这一消息来自空间站推特账号发布的一条推文。

Back on Earth, climatologists sounded yet another alarm this week. An estimated 28 trillion metric tons of ice have melted from icesheetsand glaciers since the mid 1990s.
回到地球，气候学家本周再次发出警报。自20世纪90年代中期以来，冰盖和冰川估计已有28万亿公吨的冰融化。

That's 57 percent faster than it was three decades ago, per report scientists published Monday in the journal The Cryosphere.
根据科学家们周一在The Cryosphere期刊上发表的报告，这比三十年前快了57%。

In that time, global sea levels have risen three and a half centimeters, while the global temperature has gone up by one degree Celsius.
在此期间，全球海平面上升了3.5厘米， 而全球气温上升了一摄氏度。

Finally this week, abutcherin Scotland sent a bag of haggis into the atmosphere.
苏格兰的一位屠夫将一袋哈吉斯送入了大气层。

Simon Howie's bag of organ meats climbed more than 32 kilometers before falling back to the ground.
西蒙·豪伊的那袋动物内脏上升了超过32公里，然后才落回地面。

He claims it was the first haggis to reach such heights and says he hopes it inspires children's interest in space.
他声称这是第一份到达如此高度的哈吉斯，并表示他希望这能激发孩子们对太空的兴趣。