英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

It's taken decades and millions of health workers traveling by foot, boat and any other way they had to immunize children from polio.
经过数十年努力，数百万医务工作者跋山涉水、不辞辛劳，通过步行、乘船等各种必要方式为儿童接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗。

Health workers have even braved conflict to prevent a horribly crippling disease.
卫生工作者甚至冒着冲突的危险来预防这种可怕的致残疾病。

We've made tremendous progress, working with community leaders, sometimes with military officials,
我们取得了巨大进展，与社区领袖合作，有时也与军方官员协作，

to help deliver vaccine to reduce the number of children that were inaccessible due to conflict down to very very small numbers.
帮助运送疫苗，将因冲突而无法接种疫苗的儿童数量降至极低水平。

Twenty years ago, African governments committed to eradicate polio.
20年前，非洲各国政府开始致力于根除脊髓灰质炎。

Since then, nine billion oral polio vaccines have prevented nearly two million cases of wild polio virus on the continent, according to the World Health Organization.
据世界卫生组织称，自那时起，90亿剂口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗已在非洲大陆预防了近200万例野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例。

It took a lot of effort from many leaders, traditional leaders, religious leaders and families as well as volunteers and health workers, who came together to make this tremendous feat possible.
许多政府领导人、宗教领袖和家庭以及志愿者与卫生工作者付出了巨大努力，他们齐心协力才使这一壮举成为可能。

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative provided funding and logistical support.
全球根除脊髓灰质炎倡议提供了资金和后勤支助。

This partnership involves the United Nations, Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance.
这一伙伴关系涉及联合国、国际扶轮社、 美国疾控中心，比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会以及全球疫苗免疫联盟。

The effort also involved a huge disease surveillance network to check sewage for the virus and test cases of paralysis.
这项工作还涉及一个庞大的疾病监测网络，用于检测污水中的病毒并测试瘫痪病例。

But Pandak says the work is not done. It's important that community members continue to immunize their children against polio.
但是Pandak说这项工作还没有完成。重要的是，社区成员要继续为他们的孩子接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗。

That's because polio still exists along the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
这是因为脊髓灰质炎仍然存在于巴基斯坦和阿富汗之间的边境，

Until the virus is knocked out of this region, children everywhere still need to be immunized.
在该地区的病毒被彻底消灭之前，各地的儿童仍需接种疫苗。

And children whose immune systems are weak sometimes get a type of polio that's shed from the vaccine into sewage.
免疫系统较弱的儿童有时会感染一种由疫苗排泄到污水中的脊髓灰质炎病毒。

A different oral vaccine will be introduced next year to prevent this from happening.
明年将推出一种不同的口服疫苗，以防止这种情况发生。

Dr. Pate hopes lessons learned from the effort to end polio will continue.
帕特博士希望从根除脊髓灰质炎行动中汲取的经验教训能持续发挥作用。

I hope that some of those assets that have been deployed in the polio eradication effort will then be used to hold on to the gains that we have made,
我希望那些投入于根除脊髓灰质炎行动中的资源，今后能用于巩固我们已取得的成果，

not only on polio but on routine immunization, to ensure that every child everywhere in the world is able to be protected from vaccine preventable diseases.
不仅是在脊髓灰质炎方面，还有常规免疫方面，以确保世界上每个地方的每个孩子都能免受疫苗可预防疾病的侵害。

The polio eradication effort demonstrates two things, that people around the world can come together to accomplish great things, and, Dr. Pate says, it shows that vaccines work.
消灭脊髓灰质炎的努力证明了两件事：世界各地的人们可以团结起来完成伟大的事业，而且正如帕特博士所说，这也证明了疫苗的有效性。

I'm kind of awkward a lot of the time. Like even like just standing around feels like I'm not supposed to be there.
很多时候我都有点手足无措，比如光是站在那里就让我觉得自己不该在那儿。

So a lot of people would be like, "Are you new here?" I'm just like, "No, I'm just uncomfortable."
很多人会问：“你是新来的吗？”我就说：“不，我只是不太自在。”

So it started five years ago. A guy named Brandon Block was talking to his friend and he's like, "We should have a stand-up comedy club".
俱乐部五年前就成立了。一个叫布兰登·布洛克的家伙跟朋友闲聊时突发奇想：“咱们该开个脱口秀俱乐部”。

And they actually started having shows. It attracts a lot of different people because I think a lot of people want to do this as a hobby.
然后他们开始表演节目了。它吸引了很多不同的人，因为我觉得很多人想把这当作一种爱好。

Members go up and then they deliver their about seven-minute stand-up sets.
成员们上台后，会带来大约七分钟的脱口秀表演。

And like, even back home, it just look like I'm lost. People will be like, "So when did you move here?" And I'm like, "I don't know when I was born."
即便是在家乡，我也总是一副迷路的样子。人们会问：“你什么时候搬来的？”而我只能回答：“我都不知道我是什么时候出生的。”

The general rule in the club is that you're allowed to do whatever you want.
俱乐部的一般规则是你可以随心所欲做任何事。

But we just strongly advise against certain controversial topics that are, just cuz you'll offend people but they also, you know, they won't play well on stage.
但我们强烈建议避免某些争议性话题，因为这些不仅会冒犯他人，而且它们在舞台上也不会有好的呈现效果。

You know, if you go up and say something that people are gonna hate for you saying, why are you up there saying it, you know.
如果你上台说一些人们会因为你说的话而讨厌你的话，那你为什么还要上台说呢。

And when we do our writing, we do it similar to a writing class style.
当我们写作的时候，会采用类似写作课的创作方式。

So everyone brings in their own material, and then when we're in a stand-up meeting we workshop it. So we go through it.
每个人都带上自己的材料，然后在脱口秀会议上进行研讨，逐一过一遍材料。

It's very different than any other type of writing I'm doing in my classes.
这与我课堂上所做的其他任何类型的写作都截然不同。

It's just completely different. It's like an outlet for all of my other thoughts and feelings that like can't go into my classes.
这完全是另一回事。这就像是我所有那些无法带入课堂的其他想法和感受的宣泄口。

I was always like, you know, joking around with my friends back in high school.
我在高中的时候经常和朋友开玩笑。

But I think once you start writing, it's always important to like maybe don't always go with your first idea.
但我觉得一旦开始写作，很重要的一点是或许不要总是采用最初的灵感。

Now I've like definitely thought some things that I said were funny and then looked back and like where I got to with the joke was a lot funnier than where I started.
现在我非常确定，有些我觉得好笑的话，回头再看时发现，笑话的结尾比我开始讲的时候有趣多了。

Feel free to take input as well, but also you know everyone has the different style.
尽管可以自由采纳意见，但每个人都有不同的风格。

So like if something doesn't feel natural with you saying it, then like you know don't be afraid to not do it.
要是你说某些话时感觉不自然，别害怕不去做它。

I don't really like do storytelling in my stand-up. So I feel like this would, yeah, I should maybe venture into it a little bit.
我其实不太喜欢在单口喜剧表演里讲故事，我觉得我也许应该稍微尝试一下。

There are these people who think that the Earth is flat, which is funny because it's not true. Factually incorrect. A thing called gravity.
有些人认为地球是平的，这很可笑，因为事实并非如此。完全错误。有一种东西叫重力。

When we have the Tomato Show at the end of the year, we supply these foam tomatoes and people get to like throw them at us during the set. It's really fun.
年底举办番茄秀时，我们会准备这些泡沫番茄，大家在演出过程中可以朝我们扔番茄，特别有意思。

I'm a bit out of practice but I'd like to think that I'm somewhat decent at performing magic tricks.
我有点生疏了，但我觉得自己变魔术还算可以。

And yet, despite every trick that I've mastered, there's one that always eludes me.
然而，尽管我掌握了所有技巧，却总有一种让我捉摸不透。

No matter how hard I try, I just can't seem to make my virginity disappear. [解析]
无论我怎么努力，似乎就是摆脱不了处子之身。

I watched the video and I was like, what a crazy sound. And then after it ended, I like heard the sound in the background.
我看了视频，心想这声音也太不可思议了。 视频结束之后，我好像听到了背景里的声音。

It's quite loud actually. Since then, I've been hearing it almost every afternoon or evening.
其实声音很大。从那以后，我几乎每天下午或者晚上都能听到。

The Golden Gate Bridge has started to sing. The new musical tones that are coming from the Golden Gate Bridge are a known and inevitable phenomenon that stem from our wind retrofit project.
金门大桥又开始唱歌了。从金门大桥传来的新乐声是我们防风改造工程导致的一种已知且不可避免的现象。

It happens during very high winds. We've been replacing handrail on the west sidewalk with new railing that has thin vertical slats that are designed to run more air to flow through them.
一般发生在风力较强的时候。我们一直在更换西侧人行道的扶手，新安装的栏杆采用细长垂直板条设计，这种结构能让更多气流穿过。

One effect of that is that the bridge now at very high winds and with specific angles sings or hums.
这样改进的一个结果是，这座桥现在在强风和特定角度下会发出鸣响或嗡嗡声。

We knew going into the replacement that the bridge would sing during high wind events, but what we didn't know was just how loud that might be.
我们事先就知道更换后的桥梁在大风天气中会发出声响，但没想到声音会这么大。

Some people love it and find it soothing and meditative. Others have found it somewhat unpleasant.
有些人喜欢这种声音，觉得它能让人放松且有冥想的效果。也有人觉得它有点让人不舒服。

I moved to America like five or six years ago to pursue my music career, which is basically DJ-ing and writing electronic music and playing it at clubs and stuff like that.
我大约五六年前搬到美国追求音乐事业，主要是做DJ、创作电子音乐，然后在俱乐部之类的地方演奏。

So, I rode my bike like right into the middle of the bridge and then I just took a field recorder with me and recorded it and then turned it into music.
我骑着自行车径直来到桥中央，随身带了一台便携录音机，录下周围的声音，接着将其制作成了音乐。

I was just working on a few tracks at the time and that one just happened to be slightly closer to being in the key of the bridge.
当时我正在写几首曲子，其中有一首跟大桥声音的主音调特别接近。

I'm not sure, I might use the sample like here and there and a few other tracks maybe.
我可能会用一些大桥声音样本，或许还会用其他一些音轨。

The thing that I found the most interesting about it was that they were doing all this construction and didn't realize until the very end that it was gonna make this huge resonance.
我认为最有趣的是，他们进行了所有这些施工，却直到最后才意识到这将引发巨大的共振效应。

And now it's just like this hum that just emanates through the immediate vicinity of the city around us.
现在就好像有一种嗡嗡声，从我们周围城市的近邻区域散发出来。

U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg is perhaps the most famous person to survive pancreatic cancer.
美国最高法院法官露丝·巴德·金斯伯格或许是胰腺癌幸存者中最著名的人物了。

She's actually done it twice. Ginsburg's cancer was found early, which is rare.
她实际上两次战胜了病魔。金斯伯格的癌症发现得很早，这种情况实属罕见。

Chemotherapy is one treatment for a pancreatic cancer. But only 9 percent of those who are diagnosed with it are alive five years later.
化疗是胰腺癌的一种疗法。但确诊后五年存活率的患者仅有9%。

The location of the pancreas makes the cancer difficult to detect. The pancreas is at the back of the abdomen.
胰腺的位置使得癌症难以被发现。胰腺位于腹部后方。

It's covered by the stomach and the liver. So cancerous tumors or cysts can't be seen or felt.
它被胃和肝脏所覆盖。癌性肿瘤或囊肿既看不见也摸不着。

And there is one more thing. The cancer doesn't produce any symptoms early on.
此外，早期胰腺癌没有任何症状。

Patricia Beatty had a pain in her stomach. During a sonogram, the doctor found a cyst.
Patricia Beatty感到胃疼。在超声波检查中，医生发现了一个囊肿。

He told me that you know that the cyst was there and that it was precancerous.
大夫告诉我囊肿在那里，而且是癌前病变。

Doctors can test fluid from inside the cyst, but it's hard to tell which cysts will become cancerous.
医生可以检测囊肿内的液体，但很难判断哪些囊肿会癌变。

Dr. Somashekar Krishna at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center led a study of a new diagnostic method
俄亥俄州立大学韦克斯纳医学中心的Somashekar Krishna博士领导了一项新诊断方法的研究，

that gives the doctors a microscopic view of the cyst wall, a virtual biopsy that turns out to be highly accurate.
该方法能让医生观察到囊肿壁的微观视图，这种虚拟活检技术被证明具有极高的准确性。

We can diagnose cysts with the accuracy of 96 percent to 97 percent.
我们诊断囊肿的准确率能达到96% 至97%。

The procedure uses a tiny scope that lets the doctor see inside of the cyst.
该手术使用一个微型内窥镜，让医生能够观察囊肿内部的情况。

Looking at the image pattern which comes from the cyst wall, which comes as a direct video feed in real time, we can conclude what the diagnosis is.
通过实时视频直接观察囊肿壁的图像模式，我们可以得出诊断结果。

With this new tool doctors can save lives. But pancreatic cysts or tumors still have to be found first with imaging tests that are ordered for something else.
有了这个新工具，医生可以挽救生命。但胰腺囊肿或肿瘤仍需先通过因其他原因安排的影像学检查来发现。

These tests are expensive and can't be used for routine screening. So this doesn't help the majority of people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
这些检测费用昂贵，不能用于常规筛查。所以这对大多数被诊断为胰腺癌的人没有帮助。

Krishna says the most logical way to diagnose pancreatic cancer early on is with the blood test. Researchers are working on developing one but they aren't there yet.
Krishna表示，早期诊断胰腺癌最合理的方法是进行血液检测。研究人员正在研究一种验血的方法，但目前尚未成功。

Meantime, Beatty is cancer-free because a new diagnostic tool found her cyst before it became malignant.
同时，Beatty已无癌症困扰，因为一种新型诊断工具在她的囊肿恶变之前就发现了它。

Start with small things: changing over your water bottle to reusable, then do maybe your coffee cup, then work on weaning yourself off paper towels.
从小事做起：把水瓶换成可重复使用的，然后可以换咖啡杯，接着努力戒掉使用纸巾。

And there's different ways, you know. Then, maybe you want to start buying local food and eating less meat.
有不同的方法。也许你会想开始购买本地食材并减少肉类摄入。

I mean, don't think that you have to do everything at one time, to take one step at a time and then it's not as insurmountable or scary.
别想着必须一次性完成所有事情，要一步一步来，这样就不会显得那么难以克服或可怕了。

This is our semi-annual textile drive. So, we run two a year. We also run two e-waste drive, so electronic waste drives, four drives a year.
这是我们每半年举行一次的纺织品促销活动。一年两次。我们还会举办两次电子废物促销活动，也就是一年总共四次活动。

And this one, for this one we partner with Wearable Collections to properly recycle all of the unwanted textiles so that they don't wind up in the waste stream.
而这场活动， 我们与Wearable Collections合作，妥善回收所有不需要的纺织品，这样它们就不会最终成为废品。

The goal is that 50 percent of it will be reused, so it'll be up cycled and worn again, either here in the United States or in other countries where it may be needed.
目标是其中50%将被重复利用，这样它们会被升级改造后再次被使用，无论是在美国本土，还是在其他有需求的国家。

It's one of our zero waste workshops. It's part of a new series that we're partnering with as you met Nicole and Sandra who lead the New York City Zero Waste Meetup.
这是我们的零废弃工作坊之一。这是我们正在合作的一个新系列活动的一部分，就像你见到的妮可和桑德拉，她们是纽约市零废弃聚会活动的负责人。

And it's basically a workshop for everyday New Yorkers to come and learn how they can live a more, as we call it, zero waste
这基本上是一个面向普通纽约市民的工坊，他们可以来这里学习如何在生活中实现零浪费——

but a lifestyle in which they're throwing fewer things into landfill and doing more recycling, composting
这种生活方式意味着减少填埋垃圾，增加回收和堆肥，

and actually being mindful of the products they purchase so that they can purchase items that have a beneficial reuse.
并且真正留意所购买的产品，从而选择那些有益于重复使用的物品。

Hi, people. I don't need my coat. Is this OK to leave it here with you people? Thank you very much! I'm from Australia and I've had the coat for too long.
大家好。我不需要这件外套了。可以把它放在你们这里吗？非常感谢!我来自澳大利亚，这件外套我已经穿了很久了。

It's summer over there. We're already swimming. Everybody brings in all of the clothes that they're not using anymore, a lot of partners' clothes, kids' clothes.
那边是夏天了，我们已经开始游泳了，大家把不再穿的衣服都带过来，有很多伴侣的衣服，还有小孩的衣服。

And we all trade and switch and people end up with new items and then everything else gets donated.
我们互相交换，最终大家都有了新物品，其余的东西则全部捐出去。

We've had a huge number of people coming from all different Broadway shows and from the neighborhood and offices in the community to bring their textiles.
大量来自百老汇不同演出、周边社区以及办公楼的人们带来他们的纺织品。

We've had people coming from Wicked, from Aladdin, from Harry Potter.
我们接待过来自《魔法坏女巫》、《阿拉丁》和《哈利·波特》的访客。

I think the more we bring the public into our work and the more efficient it will be, the more kind of amicable that relationship and just the larger strides we can make.
我认为，我们越让公众参与我们的工作，效率就会越高，关系也会越融洽，我们就能取得更大的进展。

You know,the more people that participate in our compost and recycling, that builds on itself.
参与堆肥和回收的人越多，就越能形成良性循环。

We can expand the program. We can start to do kind of the next big thing.
我们可以扩展这个项目，我们可以开始着手做下一件大事。