英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

Since 2012, the village of Padangtegal in Bali, Indonesia has instructed its residents to sort out their garbage before disposal. Wati does this every day.
自2012年以来，印度尼西亚巴厘岛Padangtegal村指导居民在扔垃圾前先进行分类。瓦蒂每天都这么做。

When I was little, trees were everywhere. We used to burn our garbage but no longer. Now we live in modern era.
小时候，树木随处可见。我们过去常焚烧垃圾，但现在已经不这么做了。如今我们生活在现代社会。

We are advised to sort out our garbage based on organic and non-organic category.
我们被建议根据有机和无机类别对垃圾进行分类。

Padangtegal village is situated at the heart of the popular tourist destination of Ubud, with only 607 families living there.
Padangtegal村坐落于热门旅游胜地乌布的中心位置，只有607户人家居住在那里。

The village may be small but it produces a great amount of waste. So local authorities built this 4,000 square meter compost house owned by the village.
村子虽小，产生的垃圾却不少。于是当地政府建造了这个占地4000平方米、归村集体所有的堆肥站。

The compost center only manages waste in Padangtegal village. Only families with their waste sorted out into organic and unorganic groups get collected.
堆肥中心只处理Padangtegal村的垃圾。只有将垃圾分类为有机和无机的家庭才能获得垃圾回收服务。

Then we process the organic waste in the compost. It's not the law everywhere and it is a bit of a chore.
然后我们在堆肥中心处理有机废物。并非每个地方都有这样的规定，而且这有点麻烦。

Villages not only spend time and energy sorting out their waste but they also pay a six-dollar fee each month for garbage collection.
村民们不仅要花时间和精力进行垃圾分类，每月还要支付六美元的垃圾清运费。

So why do they participate? Well, simply because the village chief tells them to.
他们为什么要参加呢？仅仅是因为村长让他们参加。

My name is I Made Gandra, the chief of Padangtegal village. In Bali, Bundesa or the village chief is the highest ranked leader in the village elected democratically by its people.
我叫I Made Gandra，是Padangtegal的村长。在巴厘岛，村长是村里最高级别的领导人，由人民民主选举产生。

Whatever decided by the chief is a decision that the people must comply to. This is the eminence of our custom.
村长的任何决定，村民都必须遵守。这是我们习俗的显赫之处。

Balinese generally reside in traditional villages which have their very own regulations known locally as Pararem and Awig-awig.
巴厘岛人通常居住在传统村落里，这些村落拥有当地称为Pararem和Awig-awig的特有规定。

Whatever the village chief says is the law of land. If they don't sort the waste out, their garbage won't be picked up.
无论村长说什么，那就是当地的规矩。如果他们不把垃圾分类，他们的垃圾就不会被收走。

Local officials say that well over half of all the garbage the island produces is organic. So most of it can be composted.
当地官员表示，岛上产生的垃圾中远超过半数为有机垃圾，因此大部分垃圾可进行堆肥处理。

Practically that means that every day, this village transforms organic waste into one cubic meter of compost. The compost is then sold to local farmers and businesses.
实际上这意味着这个村庄每天将有机废物转化成一立方米的堆肥。这些堆肥随后被出售给当地的农民和企业。

This is Yemoga, a winning model for this year's Future City Competition.
这是Yemoga，今年未来城市设计大赛的获胜模型。

The concept was engineered by a team of middle school students from the Midwest state of Indiana.
这一概念是由来自美国中西部印第安纳州的一群中学生提出的。

The competition's theme this year-Clean Water: Tap Into Tomorrow-has asked students to focus on creating reliable supplies of clean drinking water.
今年比赛的主题是“清洁水源，共创未来”，要求学生专注于创造可靠的清洁饮用水供应。

The program ever all pushes students to imagine and build the cities of the future.
这个项目一直都在推动学生去想象和构建未来的城市。

A judge for the Future City Contest says it taps into the creativity and imagination of students.
未来城市设计大赛的一名评委表示，该比赛激发了学生的创造力和想象力。

They can talk about how the future should be as they see it right in their mind, and tackling a problem which they know is going to affect the greater population in the future,
他们可以畅谈自己心中所设想的未来图景，着手解决必将影响大众的议题，

and then being able to use limited resources that they have, and also innovate in terms of technology to creatively solve those problems.
运用有限的资源，通过科技创新来创造性地解决这些问题。

The international program in its 28th year had 45,000 middle school students, who participated from 1500 schools from more than 40 US regions.
这个已有28年历史的国际项目吸引了来自美国40多个地区1500所学校的45000名中学生参与。

It's a project that involves a lot of engineering and a lot of different skills, and so there's four different parts to it.
这是一个涉及大量工程和多种不同技能的项目，因此它分为四个不同的部分。

There's a theme city which is designing a virtual city; there is an essay of 15,000 word essay that you have to write; there's a model that you have to build;
设计虚拟主题城市；写一篇15000字论文；制作一个模型；

and then there's a presentation which you present at the competition and you answer questions.
然后你要在比赛中做一个演讲，并且回答问题。

Well over here, we had to ship it here and a lot of the parts fell off when we were here, so we had to work a lot on getting this back on.
我们得把它运到这里来，而且很多零件在运输途中都脱落了，所以我们不得不花很大功夫才把它重新装好。

The other top five teams include those from the Great Plains, which covers Kansas and the Kansas City metropolitan area, North Carolina, Albany which is the capital of New York, and Idaho.
其他排名前五的团队分别来自覆盖堪萨斯州和堪萨斯城的北美大平原地区、北卡罗来纳州、纽约州首府奥尔巴尼以及爱达荷州。

Indiana, as the grand prize winner, received $7,500 for its school STEM program and a trip to the US Space Camp.
大奖得主印第安纳州获得了7500美元奖金，用于学校的STEM项目和美国太空营之旅。

New York Times best-selling author Rahaf Harfoush is hosting a discussion on a new social media platform called Clubhouse.
《纽约时报》畅销书作家拉哈夫·哈弗什在一个名为Clubhouse的新社交媒体平台上主持一场讨论。

She spends at least two to three hours a day there, hosting three weekly shows, co-hosting others and listening to others still.
她每天至少在那里待两到三个小时，每周主持三档节目，与他人共同主持其他节目，还会收听其他节目。

There are chefs and movie producers and entrepreneurs and artists and writers and athletes.
有厨师、电影制片人、企业家、艺术家、作家和运动员。

And everybody is like finding their own group, and everyone is thinking about how they can contribute.
每个人都在寻找自己的圈子，每个人都在思考如何做出贡献。

Harfoush says the most interesting discussions happen in close groups. But even in open rooms, there's plenty to listen to.
哈弗什说，最有趣的讨论发生在小圈子里。但即使是在开放的房间里，也有很多东西可以听。

Shows hosted by people like Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg or Jared Leto.
节目主持人包括埃隆·马斯克、马克·扎克伯格或杰瑞德·莱托。

Thanks for inviting me up. It's good to hang with all of you. All right, Vlad, what really happened? Give us the inside scoop.
谢谢你邀请我来。和你们大家在一起真好。弗拉德，到底发生了什么？给我们透露点内幕消息。

The network is invite only and for now is only available on iPhones.
该网络仅限邀请使用，目前仅支持iPhone设备。

The platform doesn't allow recorded discussions, unless the speaker gives a special permission to have the talk recorded. However, the users violate the rule way too often.
该平台不允许录音讨论，除非发言者特别许可将谈话内容录制下来。然而，用户经常违反规则。

In recent weeks, the number of Clubhouse users skyrocketed from 600,000 to eight million, pushing the company's value to one billion dollars.
最近几周，Clubhouse用户数量从60万飙升至800万，公司市值也随之攀升至10亿美元。

This really enables people to have a real-time audio experience, much like a group chat like over voice.
这确实能让人们获得实时音频体验，就像语音群聊一样，

But you might be connecting with people you don't know yet, or you might be connecting with existing friends.
但你可能是与尚未相识的人建立联系，也可能是与已有的朋友加深交流。

Owyang has so far counted almost 30 similar Clubhouse competitors, and by the end of the year, he expects there to be more than a hundred.
欧阳迄今为止已统计出近30个类似的Clubhouse竞品，他预计到今年年底数量将超过一百个。

One big downside is privacy issues. Users should always assume they're being recorded, but that's not all.
一大缺点是隐私问题。用户应始终假设自己正被录音，但这还不是全部。

For example, online bullying or misinformation or other nefarious acts, or people just committing scams that could possibly lead people astray,
例如，网络欺凌或虚假信息等恶劣行为，又或者是人们实施诈骗，这些都可能会误导他人，

let alone false information being spread even by foreign state actors, and from every potential location on the globe.
更不用说还有来自全球各地潜在的外国政府行为者散布的虚假信息。

For now, Clubhouse is free, but experts say in future the company might consider premium accounts, paid subscriptions and advertising.
Clubhouse目前是免费的，但专家表示未来该公司可能会考虑推出付费账户、付费订阅和广告服务。

Driving: do we love it because it's quick and convenient, or is it just that we don't have a choice? Either way, commuting by car is becoming more common across the world. While this could mean that people are getting more mobility and freedom, could it have a cost?
驾驶：我们喜欢它是因为它快捷方便，还是只是因为我们别无选择？ 无论哪种方式，开车通勤在世界各地都变得越来越普遍。 虽然这可能意味着人们获得了更多的流动性和自由，但这会带来成本吗？

As the number of cars on the road increases, so does congestion. As more people travel by car, more road space is used up. According to the OECD's International Transport Forum, the average person travelling in a car takes up five times as much road space as someone on a bus. This is made worse by the fact that, on average, today's cars are larger than those of the past. Tailbacks and other traffic jams in the UK could be costing £7.5 billion each year in wasted time.
随着道路上汽车数量的增加，交通拥堵也随之增加。 随着越来越多的人开车出行，更多的道路空间被占用。 根据经合组织国际交通论坛的数据，乘汽车出行的人平均占用的道路空间是乘坐公共汽车的人的五倍。 平均而言，今天的汽车比过去的汽车更大，这一事实使情况变得更糟。 英国每年因尾随和其他交通拥堵而浪费的时间可能造成 75 亿英镑的损失。

It's not just gridlock and wasted time that's the problem. Car dependency has significant health impacts. Air pollution from diesel and petrol cars can cause health problems such as asthma and other respiratory illnesses. Road traffic accidents lead to injuries and fatalities. Additional to this are the long-term problems caused by sedentary lifestyles, leading to poor fitness and obesity. Road-building developments can also split communities, leading people to feel cut off. Where road transport dominates an area, people without access to a car can feel isolated.
问题不仅仅是堵塞和浪费时间。 汽车依赖对健康有重大影响。 柴油和汽油汽车造成的空气污染会导致哮喘和其他呼吸道疾病等健康问题。 道路交通事故会导致受伤和死亡。 除此之外，久坐的生活方式也会造成长期问题，导致健康状况不佳和肥胖。 道路建设也会分裂社区，导致人们感到被孤立。 在道路交通占主导地位的地区，无法使用汽车的人们会感到孤立。

Cities and countries are sometimes tempted to build new roads to reduce the potential for snarl-ups. However, some experts say that this can cause induced demand where increased road capacity leads to more people driving, and congestion is soon back to its previous level. The other side of this theory is that when road space allocation is taken away from private cars, often congestion won't get any worse. Authorities in some cities, such as Seoul and Utrecht, have demolished motorways, leaving natural features such as streams and rivers in their place. Making drivers pay more is an approach used in cities like London, or Singapore, where ten-year car ownership licenses can cost over £60,000. The increased costs can help reduce the number of cars on the road and make traffic flow faster.
城市和国家有时会试图修建新道路以减少出现交通拥堵的可能性。 然而，一些专家表示，这可能会引发需求增加，道路容量增加导致更多人开车，拥堵很快就会恢复到以前的水平。 这一理论的另一面是，当私家车的道路空间分配被取消时，拥堵通常不会变得更糟。 首尔和乌得勒支等一些城市的当局拆除了高速公路，保留了溪流和河流等自然景观。 让司机支付更多费用是伦敦或新加坡等城市采用的一种方法，在这些城市，十年期汽车拥有许可证的费用可能超过 60,000 英镑。 增加的成本可以帮助减少道路上的汽车数量并提高交通流量。

Medical care in the US costs more than it does in any other developed country.
美国的医疗费用比任何其他发达国家都要高。

That means surviving cancer can empty a patient's bank account.
这意味着要想治好癌症可能会掏空患者的银行账户。

When Tori Geib got her cancer diagnosis, she thought she would be okay financially.
托里·盖布确诊癌症时，她以为自己经济上不会有问题。

I just went on what they said to do. And at the time, I had really great private insurance.
我只是按照他们说的去做。当时我有非常丰厚的私人保险。

Three weeks later, her great private insurance stopped covering her medication.
三周后，她丰厚的私人保险不再承保她的药物。

I said well, how much will this be just to get through for the month. And they said for the one-month supply it's 11,000 dollars.
我说每个月要花多少钱。他们说每个月的药物要花费11000美元。

That's about average for new cancer therapy in the US. But to make the situation even worse, it was only one of thirteen drugs Geib needed.
这大约是美国新癌症疗法的平均费用水平。但更糟的是，盖布需要十三种药物，而这只是其中一种需要的花销。

The astronomical cost of cancer treatment causes many patients in the US to try to save money at the expense of their health.
癌症治疗的高昂费用使得许多美国患者以牺牲健康为代价来省钱。

One in four cancer patients actually report engaging in some risky behavior to try to save on cost, so either skipping refills of medications or even splitting doses.
四分之一的癌症患者报告称为了节省费用而采取了一些冒险行为，比如不按处方买药续服，甚至掰分药剂量服用。

A financial counsellor at the Cancer Center helped Geib find a way to pay for her treatment.
癌症中心的一名财务顾问帮助盖布找到了支付治疗费用的方法。

We've helped over 30,000 patients gain access to grant funding or manufacture assistance program with a total value of over 500 million dollars.
我们已帮助超过3万名患者获得补助资金或生产援助计划，总价值超过5亿美元。

The hospital also introduced a new program that keeps these expensive medications from going to waste. Patients can now return pills they don't need.
医院还推出了一个新项目，防止这些昂贵药物被浪费。患者现在可以退回他们不需要的药片。

We put that medication into essentially a repository, where we wait for the next patient that has a financial need, so that we can re-dispense that medication to another cancer patient.
我们将这些药物存入一个专门的储存库，等待下一位有经济需求的患者出现，以便再次配药给其他癌症患者。

The program helps patients focus on getting well, and not stressing about their finances.
该计划帮助患者专注于康复治疗，而不用为财务状况担忧。

There's so much stress that goes along with this diagnosis. And you really want to try to minimize that stress along with the cancer.
确诊癌症带来了巨大的压力。你真的要努力在对抗癌症的同时将压力降到最低。

And this is one thing that has been given to me that I'm so thankful and grateful for.
我能够受到这样的帮助，对此我满怀感恩。

Kennerly Shah says the goal is to start out small and then to expand the program to cover medications for other diseases.
肯纳利·沙阿表示目标是从小规模开始，然后将该计划扩展至覆盖其他疾病的药物。

Another goal is to provide a model that other institutions can copy. So more patients can afford their treatments.
另一个目标是提供一个可供其他机构复制的模式，这样更多患者就能负担得起治疗费用。