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This group of young Iraqis shows how life is slowly returning to normal in Mosul,这群年轻的伊拉克人展示了摩苏尔的生活如何逐渐回归正轨the country's second largest city, which was destroyed by the Islamic State and the war against the terror group.这座伊拉克第二大城市曾被极端组织伊斯兰国及其反恐战争摧毁。These athletes all lost limbs during the fighting, but they did not lose their will to survive and thrive.这些运动员都在战斗中失去了肢体，但他们没有丧失生存和奋斗的意志。And now they play in a volleyball league designed for people with disabilities.现在他们参加了一个专为残障人士设计的排球联赛。I used to lead a normal life, just like everybody else during the Islamic State's occupation.在“伊斯兰国”占领期间，我曾过着和其他人一样的正常生活。One day, our house was bombed and I got wounded and was taken to hospital for about a month. Then I found this volleyball team in Mosul and decided to join them.有一天，我们的房子被炸了，我受了伤，在医院里住了大约一个月。后来我在摩苏尔发现了这支排球队，决定加入他们。Some are with prosthetic legs, others in wheelchairs. The players meet every day at Mosul and a loose hall to train and play in a country struggling on every front.有人装着假肢，有人坐着轮椅。球员们每天在摩苏尔一个简陋的大厅里训练和比赛，而这个国家正面临重重困境。The players credit this private volunteer initiative with providing them a meaning in their lives.球员们认为这项私人志愿活动为他们的生活赋予了意义。I saw my colleagues were playing in this club for free and are very respectful of each other. They have a purpose.我看到同事们在这家俱乐部免费踢球，彼此非常尊重，他们有着明确的目标。I realized I should be like them too and have a purpose. Thank god, everything is going very well, and I can say I'm a good player now.我意识到我也应该像他们一样，有一个目标。谢天谢地，一切都进展得非常顺利，我可以说我现在是个好球员了。In addition to volleyball, the manager of the project says he's working on expanding it to other sports such as table tennis.除了排球，该项目经理表示他正致力于将其扩展到乒乓球等其他运动项目。To make the sports team sustainable in the long run, he said, he needs government support.他说要让体育团队长期可持续发展就需要政府的支持。This is the first team of its kind in the name of our province.这是以本省名义组建的首支此类团队。We will continue to open new centers like this for the disabled, especially those who were impacted by the IS terror group's activities.我们将继续为残疾人开设更多这样的中心，尤其是那些受伊斯兰国恐怖组织活动影响的人。Some players have set their sights on playing larger competitions on a global level.一些选手已将目光投向全球范围内的大型赛事。I hope I can become a better player and play higher level games for the Iraqi national team. If god is willing, I will get there.我希望我能成为一名更出色的球员，为伊拉克国家队参加更高水平的比赛。若蒙天佑，我必能达成所愿。When they had done training for the day, the players have to change in the open on the court.当天训练结束后，球员们只能在球场上露天更衣。Neither the lack of facilities nor their disabilities, however, has discouraged them from attempting to reach their potential.然而，设施的匮乏和自身的残疾都没能阻止他们去挖掘自身的潜力。

We're talking about branding. And in particular, we're looking at one brand. We're looking at the British cycling team, Team Sky, and how, after only two years of racing, they were the most recognised of all the teams on the Tour, the Tour de France.我们今天讨论的是品牌塑造。特别是，我们要讨论一个品牌：英国自行车队——天空车队（Team Sky）。他们在仅仅参加两年比赛后，就成为环法自行车赛中辨识度最高的车队之一。Yeah, so how did that happen, eh, Richard? Well we should say, of course, that they are an incredibly ambitious and successful team. They didn't start until 2010, did they? And they had this amazing aim to create the first British winner of the Tour de France within five years.是啊，所以这是怎么做到的，理查德？当然必须先说，他们是一支雄心勃勃而且非常成功的团队。他们直到 2010 年才成立，对吧？但他们设下了一个惊人的目标：五年内培养出第一位英国籍的环法冠军。Mmm, and they actually achieved it within two.嗯，而他们实际上只用两年就达成了目标。Bradley Wiggins won the Tour de France to become the first British rider in 2012. And then his Sky teammate, Chris Froome, won it the following year. So an amazing achievement for a fairly new company.布拉德利·威金斯在 2012 年赢得环法，成为第一位英国冠军。接着他的队友克里斯·弗鲁姆在次年再次赢得冠军。对一个如此年轻的团队来说，这是了不起的成就。Going back to 2010, the Sky team, they needed to create a brand that would inspire the world's best riders, didn't they? And to get everyone, their partners and the fans behind it, but without ever having won anything.回到 2010 年，天空车队必须打造一个能激励世界顶尖车手的品牌，对吧？他们需要让所有人、合作伙伴和粉丝都支持他们，而当时他们还没赢得任何比赛。The man behind Team Sky, the brains, if you like, Dave Brailsford, he approached a British design company... Antidote. ...called Antidote, and they developed together their idea, and they called it The Line.团队背后的关键人物，说是“大脑”也不为过——戴夫·布莱尔斯福德，他找了一家英国设计公司 —— Antidote。他们一起开发了一个概念，并称之为“那条线”（The Line）。It's been brought to life across everything. The kit, the bikes, the vehicles, the website, the advertising, and the team merchandise. And in fact, it's referred to explicitly in editorials by journalists as well.这个概念被应用在所有地方：队服、赛车、车辆、网站、广告以及队伍周边产品。事实上，甚至记者的专栏文章中也明确提到这个概念。The Sky team, The Line. Exactly.“天空车队，那条线。”没错。So where did they get this idea then for The Line? Well, it was an idea that the graphic design company came up with that developed from the team philosophy, this idea that there's a thin line between winning and losing, between failure and success, between good and great.那么他们从哪得到“那条线”的灵感？——这是设计公司基于团队哲学提出的概念：胜利与失败、成功与挫折、优秀与卓越之间，只有一条非常细微的界线。And Team Sky think it's a fine line that challenges everything that they do. Yes, and now they say, isn't it, we ride the line every day. Yeah.天空车队认为，这条细线是他们所做的一切的挑战。是的，他们现在常说：“我们每天都在那条线上骑行。”没错。I quite like the idea as well that The Line represents the line of cyclists that you see when you watch the Tour de France, when you see the peloton stretched out. I quite like that idea as well.我也很喜欢另外一种解释：那条线代表你在环法比赛中看到的车队长龙，整队车手延伸成一条线。我也很喜欢这种说法。But they took this line, this idea of The Line, the graphic designers, and they put that amazing bright blue strip all the way down the back of the riders against their black shirts.而设计团队将“那条线”视觉化，在车手的黑色队服背后加入了一条非常醒目的亮蓝色线条。And it's extraordinarily striking. Yes, and it's practical as well because obviously that line of blue stands out against the black so the riders can pick each other out more easily during races, as do the fans on the roadsides and those watching on TV.效果极其抢眼。是的，而且很实用，因为亮蓝色在黑色背景上非常突出，车手在比赛中更容易辨认队友，路旁的粉丝和电视观众也能更清楚看到。Yeah, the helicopters. When the helicopter goes over, you can see the Sky train. Exactly.对，尤其是直升机拍摄时——一飞过，你就能看到“天空列车”（Sky train）。没错。And the interesting thing is though, it's not the colours of Sky, they're sponsors either.有趣的是，它甚至不是天空电视台（赞助商）的品牌颜色。It's a completely separate colour that they've developed just for the cycling team. A whole new concept that goes with the team.这是他们专门为车队设计的全新颜色，是一个全新的品牌概念。Well, it's certainly worked, hasn't it, Richard, in creating a strong identity.这一切显然非常成功，不是吗，理查德？成功打造了强烈的品牌识别度。It's certainly a strong, very strong corporate identity. 它的确建立了非常强大的企业识别形象。

We're talking about hashtags. Hashtags for Twitter.我们今天要谈的是标签（hashtag）。Twitter 上使用的标签。I'll stop you right there, Jackie.杰姬，我先打断你一下。You know I don't know hardly anything about Twitter whatsoever, but can you just clarify for me the difference between the hashtag and I've also seen the at symbol used for Twitter.你知道我对 Twitter 几乎一无所知，不过你能不能帮我解释一下 hashtag 和我在 Twitter 上看到的 @ 符号之间的区别？OK. So, the hashtag is basically a way for people to search for tweets that have the same topic or specific theme, whereas the at symbol is followed by the username.好的。Hashtag 基本上是一种让人们搜索同一主题或特定话题推文的方法，而 @ 符号后面则接的是用户名。It's the person's Twitter handle. It's used by a specific user.那是一个人的 Twitter 帐号，也就是某个特定用户使用的标识。Okidoki.好的，明白了。So, if we take the British Council or any other language organisations, learners or teachers of English, if they put in hashtag EFL, then they'll find all the tweets put up by people interested in that topic – English as a foreign language.例如，如果我们以英国文化协会或其他语言机构为例，英语学习者或教师输入 #EFL，他们就能看到所有有关该主题（英语作为外语）的推文。Right, OK. So, it's a bit like just simply Googling a topic.好，明白。所以这有点像直接用 Google 搜索一个主题。Exactly. But if you want to write someone, you'd put at.没错。但如果你想写信给某个人，你就用 @。Right. You're writing directly to that user.对，你是在直接留言给该用户。OK. So, anybody can make up a hashtag then on any topic they want?所以任何人都可以随意创建一个 hashtag，对任何主题都可以吗？Yes.是的。So, what's the issue then with businesses or organisations using the hashtag?那么企业或组织在使用 hashtag 时会遇到什么问题？Well, as we've said, the hashtags are shared, OK? So, if you take the University of Georgia, their hashtag is UGA, OK?如我们之前说过，hashtag 是共享的。比如佐治亚大学，他们的 hashtag 是 UGA。Right.好。Now, the problem is that during the Olympics, UGA was the three-letter code used by... Uganda.问题是，在奥运会期间，UGA 也是乌干达的三字母代码。Exactly.没错。And Twitter decided that all countries with their three-letter code would have a little flag attached to the code. So, it was hashtag UGA with a Ugandan flag.Twitter 决定所有国家的三字母代码都会附上一个小国旗。所以 #UGA 就自动加上了乌干达国旗。Right, OK.好，我知道了。So, the University of Georgia, which is American, their hashtag suddenly had a Ugandan flag attached to it.所以美国的佐治亚大学，他们的 hashtag 突然变成带有乌干达国旗的 #UGA。And people got confused when they were making searches, presumably.而用户在搜索时自然就产生了困惑。Well, exactly.完全正确。So, hashtag GBR for the Great Barrier Reef suddenly had a Union Jack.例如，大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef）的 hashtag #GBR 也突然变成带有英国国旗。For the great British Olympic team.因为英国奥运队的国家代码也是 GBR。Yeah.没错。So, businesses kind of had... you have to be careful that you might have your hashtag hijacked.所以企业必须小心，因为你的 hashtag 可能会被“挟持”。Mmm.嗯。Now, going back to hashtag EFL, right?回到 #EFL 这个例子。Yes. English as a foreign language.对，英语作为外语。Now, the problem there is the Football League in the UK, you're probably aware, has been completely rebranded.问题在于英国的足球联盟（Football League），你可能知道，他们已经完全重新品牌化。Yes.是的。They've got the Premier League but the other teams are in different leagues. They've branded themselves now as the English Football League. With their new logo.除了英超联赛，其他球队组成的联盟现在改名为“英格兰足球联赛”（English Football League），并启用了新的标志。So, they have started a Twitter account. They have a Twitter handle, at EFL.他们开了一个 Twitter 帐号，账号名称是 @EFL。Right.好。But if anyone puts the hashtag EFL, they'll get a mixture of the English Football League and English as a foreign language.但如果有人使用 hashtag #EFL，他们会同时看到英语足球联赛和英语作为外语两方面的内容。Exactly. It's like getting information about goals, like getting information about football rather than phonology.没错——你会看到进球信息，而不是语音学内容。Right, OK.好，我明白了。So, if you're a company, you've got to be very careful about what hashtags you choose for your company.所以，如果你是企业，你必须非常小心选择你的 hashtag。And we certainly can't use hashtag pie for obvious reasons.而我们当然不能用 #pie，这原因显而易见。Yes, exactly. So, businesses, just maybe do a little research before you choose the hashtag that goes with your tweet.没错。因此企业在选择 hashtag 时，最好先做一点研究。

We're talking about computer hacking. So Richard, what exactly do we mean by hacking? Accessing a computer without authorisation.我们今天要谈的是电脑骇客行为。那么，Richard，我们所说的 hacking（骇客行为）到底是什么意思？就是未经授权访问电脑系统。So why is it in the news? Well, there's been a huge attack recently – a DDoS attack.那为什么最近上新闻了呢？因为最近发生了一起大规模攻击——也就是 DDoS 攻击。Hold on, hold on. DDoS? Which is? A Distributed Denial of Service attack. Explain what that means.等一下，DDoS？是什么意思？它是“分布式阻断服务攻击”。你解释一下那是什么吧。We're hosted on a server.我们的网站托管在一台服务器上。Right. It happens to be in Germany.对，这台服务器刚好位于德国。Now, if millions and millions of people throughout the world all typed on their computer to get into our website, it would completely take the website down.如果全世界有成百万上千万的人同时试图访问我们的网站，网站就会完全瘫痪。Because? It can't handle so many people accessing our website at the same time.为什么？因为服务器无法同时处理这么多访问量。So is that a kind of hacking, though?那这算是一种骇客攻击吗？Well, it is the way it was done because, obviously, you can't just get millions of people to attack a website, can you?是的，根据他们的做法来看算是。因为你不可能真的叫到上千万的人同时去攻击一个网站，对吧？No. So what the hackers have done, they created a piece of malware.没错。所以骇客做了什么呢？他们制作了一种恶意软件。OK, OK, that is bad software, isn't it? Yes. We've all, we've heard of viruses and worms, etc.好，好，恶意软件就是坏软件，对吧？对。我们都听说过病毒、蠕虫这些东西。Malware is the generic term. And with this malware, they took control of millions and millions of computers. And those computers then attacked these websites.“Malware” 是所有恶意软件的统称。骇客用这种恶意软件控制了成百万上千万台电脑，再利用这些电脑发起攻击。And who did these computers belong to? Just normal, everyday people?那这些电脑原本是谁的？就是普通人的电脑吗？Well, that's the interesting thing about this attack. When you have this network of bad computers, it's called a botnet.嗯，这次攻击有个很有趣的地方。当你有一大堆被感染的电脑时，这网络叫做“僵尸网络”（botnet）。But the interesting thing about this attack is that they were all, they're called the Internet of Things.而特别之处在于，这次被控制的设备很多属于所谓的“物联网设备”。They're computers like, for instance, controlling fridges or webcams or garage doors.这些设备包括用来控制冰箱、网络摄像头、车库门之类的小型电脑。They're all these little bits of, little computer-like instruments that are throughout the world now. And they took control of these.它们都是一些遍布全球的小型电脑装置，而骇客成功控制了这些装置。How did they take control of things like that?那他们是怎么控制这种设备的？Well, all of these things, they're connected to the Internet. And often people, they have the default username and password, which this piece of software could easily guess.因为这些设备都连着网络，而很多人从来不更改默认的账号和密码，恶意软件很容易就破解了。And that's how it, that's how they did it.他们就是靠这种方式入侵的。So who's doing this, Richard?那到底是谁干的，Richard？A very good question. No one knows.这是个好问题。没人知道。Now then, because it's such a big attack, some people immediately suspected governments, Russia or China.因为攻击规模巨大，有些人马上怀疑是某些政府，例如俄罗斯或中国。Because they're attacking well-known websites, aren't they?因为目标是知名网站，对吧？They were well-known websites based in the US of A. Right.这些都是设在美国的知名网站。没错。So that was why they thought it might have been foreign governments. But then it could also have been even teenage hackers in their bedroom.因此有人认为可能是外国政府所为。但也有可能只是青少年骇客在自己房间操作。And also, there are cyber criminals involved as well.此外，还有网络犯罪分子可能参与。Because cyber criminals harness these, as I mentioned, botnets to blackmail companies.因为网络罪犯会利用这些“僵尸网络”来勒索公司。They say to a company, we are going to attack your company unless you give us lots of money.他们会威胁公司说：“给钱，否则我们就攻击你的网站。”So there are lots of cyber criminals as well.所以网络犯罪分子也非常多。Now, we're a fairly small site, Richard. Are we safe?我们的网站相当小，Richard。我们安全吗？I hope so.我希望如此。But having said that, our website did go down for two hours a couple of days ago. And we're not sure why.但话说回来，我们的网站前几天确实瘫痪了两小时，我们也不知道原因。The first for us.这是我们第一次遇到这种事。So what about you, the listeners? Have you been affected by this denial-of-service attack?那么你呢，正在收听的朋友？你有没有受到这种阻断服务攻击的影响？Have you been hacked at all? Or have you noticed where lots of websites you've tried to access have gone down?你有没有被骇过？或者你有没有注意到，最近很多你想访问的网站都突然打不开？

Kindness is the word that inspired Emmy award-winning filmmakers Kahane Cooperman and John Hoffman to make "The Antidote".“善良”一词启发了荣获艾美奖的电影制作人卡汉·库珀曼和约翰·霍夫曼制作《解药》。The documentary focuses on how American communities across the country are coming together in times of need.这部纪录片聚焦于美国各地社区如何在需要时团结一心。My name is O'connell. I'm Dr O'connell. What do you need? Anything? I need mental health.我叫欧康奈尔。请问你需要什么？什么都行？我需要心理健康。Dr James O'connell, founder of Boston healthcare for the homeless, goes out in the streets to treat homeless people.詹姆斯·欧康奈尔医生是波士顿流浪者医疗中心的创始人，到街上去治疗无家可归的人。In Amarillo, Texas, Russell Lowery-Hart, President of Amarillo College, helps underprivileged students manage their personal lives, thrive academically and escape generational poverty.在德克萨斯州的阿马里洛，阿马里洛学院院长拉塞尔·劳瑞·哈特帮助贫困学生管理个人生活，在学业上取得成功并摆脱代际贫困。At Peter Johansen High School in Modesto California, Sherry Mcintyre teaches a class about religious tolerance and the diversity of faith in America.在加州莫德斯托的彼得·约翰逊高中，雪莉·麦金太尔教授一门关于宗教容忍和美国信仰多样性的课程。We need to protect the rights of the smallest minority, because in doing that we're protecting our own rights.我们需要保护最弱势群体的权利，因为这样做就是在保护我们自己的权利。We can't get too comfortable; we have to stand up for each other. The stories go on and on.我们不能太过安逸，必须互相支持。故事还在继续。We came up with six questions that completely informed our creative process,我们提出了六个问题，完全反映了我们的创作过程，which are how do we raise our children, how do we teach our children,分别是：我们如何养育孩子？我们如何教导孩子？how do we take care of the sick and the dying, how do we live and work together, how do we welcome the stranger and how do we lead.我们如何照顾病人和临终者？我们如何共同生活和工作？我们如何接纳陌生人？我们如何领导他人？Hoffman says the film was made as a counterpoint to the growing political and social divisions in America.霍夫曼说，这部电影是为了对抗美国日益增长的政治分歧和社会分歧。Those stories are all examples of working to write these systemic bonds that we call fundamental on kindnesses.这些故事都是努力书写我们称之为基于善意的系统性纽带的例证。It's you know fundamentally unkind to not have a safe place to sleep; fundamentally unkind to not have access to health care.没有一个安全的地方睡觉，从根本上说是不人道的；无法获得医疗保健，从根本上来说也是不人道的。Racism is fundamentally unkind, homophobia is fundamentally unkind, sexism is fundamentally unkind.种族主义本质上是不友善的，恐同症本质上是不友善的，性别歧视本质上是不友善的。Cooperman says that although the film was made just before the country was ensnarled in the grip of the pandemic, it is relevant today.库珀曼说，尽管这部电影是在美国深陷疫情之前拍摄的，但它在今天仍有现实意义。More relevant perhaps than when we even started. Certainly with COVID, it was about communities coming together.甚至比我们刚开始的时候更有意义。尤其是在新冠疫情期间，关键在于社区团结起来。Such as how communities in Anchorage Alaska are welcoming African refugees, or how elderly communities in Portland Oregon are caring for children in foster care.比如阿拉斯加安克雷奇的社区接纳非洲难民，俄勒冈州波特兰市的老年社区照顾寄养儿童。The filmmakers hope the documentary inspires people to reach out to one another and to feed the force of good rather than found the flames of hatred and divisiveness.电影制作人希望这部纪录片能激励人们相互伸出援手，弘扬善的力量，而非煽动仇恨与分裂的火焰。