英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

Candles, flowers, and handcrafted signs surround the United States Supreme Court in memory of justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg who died Friday. It just kind of crushed me.
蜡烛、鲜花和手工制作的标语环绕在美国最高法院周围，以纪念周五去世的大法官露丝·巴德·金斯伯格。这真的让我心碎。

While Ginsburg's health had been deteriorating for the past several years, her death stunned many Americans including president Donald Trump.
尽管金斯伯格的健康状况在过去几年里一直在恶化，但她的去世还是令包括总统唐纳德·特朗普在内的许多美国人感到震惊。

She led an amazing life. What else can you say? She was an amazing woman.
她度过了非凡的一生。你还能说什么呢？她是一位了不起的女性。

Whether you agreed or not, she was an amazing woman who led an amazing life. I'm actually saddened to hear that. I am saddened to hear that.
无论你是否认同，她都是一位拥有非凡人生的非凡女性。听到这个消息我真的很难过。

Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden said she was not only a giant in the legal profession but a beloved figure.
民主党总统候选人乔·拜登表示，她不仅是法律界的巨擘，还是一位深受爱戴的人物。

She practiced the highest American ideals as a Justice: equality and justice under the law, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg stood for all of us.
作为大法官，她践行了美国最崇高的理想：法律面前人人平等与正义；露丝·巴德·金斯伯格代表着我们所有人。

I don't know a woman who's not going to be affected by this, I don't know a single one.
我认识的所有女性都受到了她的影响。

Ginsburg's advocacy for women's rights propelled her beyond legal stardom and into American pop culture.
金斯伯格对女性权利的倡导使她不仅成为法律界的明星，还融入了美国流行文化。

People started calling her the Notorious RBG, a reference to the famed rap artist Notorious B.I.G.
人们开始称她为“声名狼藉的RBG”，这是对著名说唱歌手声名狼藉先生的致敬。

Her status as a cultural icon grew when it was discovered the octogenarian worked out at the gym religiously, something that continued through the coronavirus pandemic.
当人们发现这位八旬老人一直坚持去健身房锻炼，甚至在新冠疫情期间也未曾中断时，她作为文化偶像的地位便愈发稳固。

Tributes to Ginsburg plastered the Brooklyn New York neighborhood in which she grew up.
向金斯伯格致敬的标语贴满了她成长的纽约布鲁克林社区。

William Brenneisen owns Ginsburg's childhood home.
威廉·布伦内森拥有金斯伯格童年时期的故居。

We've been here 47 years and we still hear her name during the course of all year, so she's not really forgotten.
我们在这里已经47年了，一整年里我们仍会时不时听到她的名字，所以她并没有真正被遗忘。

It was not lost on American Jews that Ginsburg died on the eve of Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year.
美国犹太人都注意到，金斯伯格是在犹太新年前夕去世的。

But it was her fierce defense of women's rights that defines how she is being remembered.
但正是她对女性权利的坚定捍卫，定义了人们如何铭记她。

Well, she stood up for women. She was not swayed, easily swayed.
她为女性发声。她不会轻易动摇。

And she just had people's best interests at heart, viewed the world differently to a lot of men. I have great respect for her.
她只是把人们的最大利益放在心上，看待世界的方式与许多男性不同。我非常尊敬她。

Ginsburg will be buried at Arlington National Cemetery, next to her husband Martin who died in 2010.
金斯伯格将被安葬在阿灵顿国家公墓，与她2010年去世的丈夫马丁葬在一起。

Good news this week for explorers seeking extraterrestriallife.
本周对于寻找外星生命的探险家来说是个好消息。

Scientists say they have detected a gas called phosphine swirling in the highly acidic clouds of venus.
科学家表示，他们在金星酸性极高的云层中探测到了一种名为磷化氢的气体。

But the European Southern Observatory's Itziar de Gregorio says it is probably too soon to say life exists on the planet.
但欧洲南方天文台的伊齐亚尔·德·格雷戈里奥表示，现在就说这颗行星上存在生命可能还为时过早。

This doesn't mean that we discovered extraterrestriallife on venus far from it.
这并不意味着我们在遥远的金星上发现了外星生命。

It is possible that we are unaware of a chemical that produces this phosphine and we have to investigate in that direction.
可能存在某种我们尚未发现的化学物质能产生这种磷化氢，我们必须朝这个方向展开调查。

The quest to study Venus began in 1960 with the Pioneer 5 space probe.
对金星的研究始于1960年的先驱者5号太空探测器。

But with this week's development, there's heightened interest in the planet.
但是随着本周的研究发展，人们对这颗行星的兴趣大增。

On earth, bacteria thriving in oxygen-starved environments like sewers and intestines produce the gas phosphine.
在地球上，细菌在缺氧环境中（如下水道和肠道）大量繁殖，会产生磷化氢气体。

The discovery on Venus is raisingspeculationthat microbial life exists there.
金星上的发现引起了人们对那里存在微生物生命的猜测。

But de Gregorio adds that the phosphine source could simply be something researchers have yet to study.
但德·格雷戈里奥补充说，磷化氢的来源可能仅仅是研究人员尚未研究的某种物质。

In other news that could be ripped from the pages of a science fiction novel, NASA and the European Space Agency or ESA joined forces this week to build a spacecraft to deflect an earthbound asteroid.
在其他仿佛是从科幻小说里摘录出来的新闻中，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和欧洲航天局（ESA）本周联手建造一艘航天器，旨在改变一颗可能撞向地球的小行星的轨道。

This mission is essentially a demonstration so we can understand how these technologies could be used.
这次任务本质上是一次演示，以便我们能够了解这些技术如何被应用。

It's like billiards. Small force hits the asteroid that is heading for earth which should create an aversion.
这就像打台球一样。用较小的力量撞击朝着地球飞来的小行星，这样应该能使其偏离轨道。

And we want to practice this, so that we are ready if an asteroid is actually heading for us.
我们想进行这种演练，以便在小行星真的朝我们飞来时能做好准备。

NASA is set to launch a craft in June 2021 on a collision course with the asteroid to attempt altering its flight path.
NASA计划于2021年6月发射一艘航天器，使其与小行星相撞，试图改变其飞行路径。

If the mission succeeds, the ESA will launch a follow-up in 2024.
如果任务成功，欧洲航天局将在2024年启动后续行动。

In other news, images from space showed the vast and ancient icesheetatop greenland shed a 113 square kilometer chunk of ice last month.
来自太空的图像显示，格陵兰岛顶部广袤而古老的冰盖上个月脱落了一块面积达113平方公里的冰块。

The new research is yet another piece important piece of evidence showing that it's really time we stop hitting the snooze button and wake up to the climate emergency.
这项新研究是又一项重要证据，表明我们真的该停止拖延，正视气候紧急状况了。

We need to curb climate emissions right now immediately.
我们现在需要立即控制气候排放。

And we need to create a network of ocean sanctuaries covering at least a third of the blue planet if we are to take climate crisis seriously.
如果我们要认真对待气候危机，就需要建立一个海洋保护区网络，使其覆盖这个蓝色星球至少三分之一的区域。

Dr Laura Meller from Greenpeace says the time to act is now.
绿色和平组织的劳拉·梅勒博士表示，现在就是采取行动的时候了。

As more ice melts, experts say more dark water appears in its place, absorbing heat, further accelerating the process of melting ice and rising seas.
随着更多冰层融化，专家表示，更多深色海水会出现在原本冰层的位置，吸收热量，进一步加速冰层融化和海平面上升的过程。

And finally, UNESCO certifies Italy's Saint-Barthelemy valley as a Starlight Stellar Park, meaning it's one of the best places on earth to look up at the sky.
最后，联合国教科文组织认证意大利的圣巴特岛山谷为星光公园，这意味着它是地球上观赏天空的最佳地点之一。

The northern Italian municipality takes this designation seriously, having recently replaced lampposts with special LEDs that do not shine up.
意大利北部的这个自治市非常重视这一称号，最近刚刚把路灯柱换成了不会向上照射的特殊发光二极管灯。

Anyone who watches team sports may be familiar with the sight of players joining a huddle before a big match. Researchers studying chimpanzees and bonobos in African sanctuaries found our closest ape relatives do something similar before feeding time, one of the most competitive moments in their day.
经常观看团队体育比赛的人，对赛前队员们围成一圈加油打气的场景应该不会陌生。在非洲多家灵长类动物保护区研究黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩的科研人员们发现，这些与人类亲缘关系最近的类人猿在喂食时间前也会有类似的举动。喂食时间是它们一天中竞争最激烈的时刻之一。

As they waited for food, the apes touched, embraced and sometimes kissed one another. Those with the most reassuring physical interactions were more likely to feed peacefully alongside others.
在等待食物时，这些类人猿会彼此接触、拥抱，有时还会亲吻。那些在进食前进行较多安抚性身体接触的个体，更有可能与同伴一起和睦地进食。

The researchers believe this behaviour may date back at least seven million years, suggesting that using touch to build trust and cooperation is an ancient social skill shared by humans and great apes alike.
研究人员认为，这种行为或能追溯到至少 700 万年前，表明通过肢体接触来建立信任和合作关系是人类和大型类人猿共同拥有的一项古老的社交技能。

It was initially valued at $30 million, but Gus, as the T-rex has been affectionately named, went for much more after a bidding battle that lasted over 10 minutes. Cassandra Hatton, worldwide head of natural history at Sotheby's, said the price reflected the time to excavate and reconstruct the specimen and its quality.
这具霸王龙化石被亲切地命名为 “格斯”，最初估价为 3000 万美元。然而，在持续十多分钟的激烈竞拍后，其最终成交价远远超过预估价格。苏富比全球自然史业务负责人卡桑德拉·哈顿表示，成交价反映了发掘和复原这件标本所耗费的大量时间，以及标本本身的品质。

Standing at 12.5 feet tall and with more than 60% of the bones recovered, it is one of the most complete specimens of its kind. We are unlikely to find out the identity of the buyer immediately. Time will tell if the dinosaur is coming to a museum near you.
该标本高 12.5 英尺，已发现并回收的骨骼超过整体的 60%，是现存最完整的霸王龙标本之一。我们可能无法立即得知买家的身份。只有时间才能揭晓，这具霸王龙化石未来是否会在你附近的博物馆展出。

It's a topic people usually avoid, yet it's a universal human experience. Flatulence, affectionately known as farting, is simply the releasing of gas from the backside. The word itself traces back to the Latin 'flatus', which literally means 'a blowing' or 'wind.' While it is often the butt of the joke, we do it for very practical reasons, which boil down to digestion. Most mammals have a complex, symbiotic relationship with their gut microbes which break down food. Digestion requires a lengthy process of fermentation, and flatulence is simply the inevitable byproduct of these hard-working bacteria. Passing gas is a sign of a highly functioning digestive system.
这是人们通常回避的话题，但却是人类的普遍经历。 胀气，被亲切地称为放屁，简单来说就是气体从背部释放出来。 这个词本身可以追溯到拉丁语“flatus”，字面意思是“吹”或“风”。 虽然这通常是笑话的笑柄，但我们这样做是出于非常实际的原因，归根结底就是为了消化。 大多数哺乳动物与分解食物的肠道微生物有着复杂的共生关系。 消化需要漫长的发酵过程，而胀气正是这些辛勤工作的细菌不可避免的副产品。 排气是消化系统功能强大的标志。

But we humans aren't the only mammals that like to let one off. In 2017, National Geographic and the BBC reported the results of an online survey. It revealed some incredibly unlikely farters, like zebras, which have been documented farting withevery single step whilst running away from predators. On a bigger scale, cow flatulence and burps are packed with methane, a potent greenhouse gas that is actively driving global climate change. And, if you've ever had a domesticated pet, you might've even blamed your own farts on them! I know I have.
但我们人类并不是唯一喜欢放纵的哺乳动物。 2017年，《国家地理》和BBC报道了一项在线调查的结果。 它揭示了一些令人难以置信的放屁动物，比如斑马，有记录显示，它们在逃避捕食者时每走一步都会放屁。 从更大的范围来看，奶牛的胀气和打嗝充满了甲烷，这是一种强效温室气体，正在积极推动全球气候变化。 而且，如果您曾经养过宠物，您甚至可能会将自己的屁归咎于它们！ 我知道我有。

There are other fascinating examples of farting from the animal kingdom. The Sonoran coral snake expels air forcefully to startle predators when it's in danger. In an article published on The Conversation, it's mentioned that herring, a type of fish, will release gas as a way to communicate with each other that predators are nearby. It was also written in IFLScience that the beaded lacewing, a type of larva, can take down six termites with one fart!
动物王国还有其他有趣的放屁例子。 索诺兰珊瑚蛇在遇到危险时会用力喷出空气来惊吓捕食者。 在《对话》上发表的一篇文章中提到，鲱鱼是一种鱼类，它会释放气体，作为相互交流捕食者就在附近的一种方式。 《IFLScience》上还写道，珠状草蛉是一种幼虫，一个屁就能消灭六只白蚁！

So it seems that some animals pass gas as an evolutionary survival tactic. Those not so 'silent but deadly' farts can ward off predators as well as let others know that there's potential danger. While farts for us are mainly the result of digestion, perhaps, like the Sonoran snake, herring and beaded lacewing, we could embrace the breeze and utilise them against our enemies? Hahaha, just joking!
所以看来有些动物放屁是一种进化的生存策略。 那些不那么“无声但致命”的屁可以抵御掠食者，也可以让其他人知道存在潜在的危险。 虽然放屁对我们来说主要是消化的结果，但也许，像索诺兰蛇、鲱鱼和串珠草蛉一样，我们可以拥抱微风，利用它们来对抗我们的敌人？ 哈哈哈，开玩笑啦！