英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

In the very heart of Manhattan, in the formerly hectic Times Square, New York city gave the best spot in town to plastic.
在曼哈顿的正中心，在昔日熙熙攘攘的时代广场，纽约市将城中最优越的位置让给了塑料。

There's tens of thousands of disposable plastic items in the grocery store that I spent a couple years collecting from various trash cans around New York city.
杂货店有成千上万件一次性塑料制品，这些是我花了几年时间从纽约市各处的垃圾桶里收集来的。

Every item in this pop-up grocery store installation is made of plastic bags.
这家快闪杂货店装置中的每一件物品都是用塑料袋制成的。

This one took a while, but it was very fun to like figure out how to do all the like little, like frosting effects all the way around. You can touch it, yeah, for sure.
这一件花了不少时间，但琢磨出如何做出那些小小的、像糖霜一样的装饰效果，整个过程非常有趣。你可以摸摸它。

Turning something no one else wants into art is a time-honored tradition.
将无人想要的东西变成艺术是一项历史悠久的传统。

So designer and artist Robin Frohardt chose to work with one thing New York city has been trying to get rid of since march.
设计师兼艺术家罗宾·弗罗哈特选择使用纽约市自三月以来一直试图清除的一种东西进行创作。

The city was said to impose a plastic bag ban in March 2020, but the pandemic slowed things down.
据说该市原定于2020年3月实施禁塑令，但疫情减缓了事情的发展。

Before the plastic bag ban, New Yorkers were using over 20 billion plastic bags a year.
在禁塑令之前，纽约人每年使用超过两百亿个塑料袋。

85 percent of those bags ended up in city dumping grounds and in the ocean.
那些袋子中有85%最终被扔到了城市垃圾场和海洋里。

New York is a very large city that produces a lot of waste and anything, that we can do to reduce that would be a good thing.
纽约是一个非常大的城市，会产生大量垃圾，我们能做的任何减少垃圾的事情都是有益的。

I bring my own bag only when I remember, other than that, it's hard to.
我只有在记得的时候才会自带购物袋，除此之外，很难做到。

But while the rest of the city is getting rid of its bags, the plastic store is one place in New York city where plastic bags are indispensable.
但在纽约市其他地方都在逐步淘汰塑料袋时，这家塑料制品店却是塑料袋不可或缺的地方。

Beloved by generations of visitors and steeped in history, Margam Park was already known to have an Iron Age hill fort, the remains of a Norman abbey and a Victorian castle, which looks out today over Port Talbot steelworks. Now, though, it can add a Roman villa to that list.
马格姆公园深受几代访客喜爱，且历史底蕴深厚。这里原本就因拥有一座铁器时代的山丘堡垒、一处诺曼时期修道院遗址，以及一座俯瞰塔尔博特港钢铁厂的维多利亚时期的城堡而闻名。而现在，公园的古迹名单上又多了一座罗马别墅遗址。

Sophisticated scanning devices were used to look for archaeological features hidden underground, and the Swansea University-led team struck gold.
由斯旺西大学领衔的团队利用先进的扫描设备寻找埋藏在地下的考古遗迹，并取得了这一重大发现。

The villa itself has multiple rooms, a substantial side building, and it sits within a defensive enclosure. The experts hope to findmosaicfloors and other precious artefacts, and say their discovery is of a scale and level of preservation unmatched in Wales so far.
这座别墅拥有多个房间、一座规模颇大的附属建筑，并坐落于一处设有防御设施的围合区域内。专家希望在此发现马赛克地面和其它珍贵文物，并表示，无论是遗址规模还是保存状况，此次发现在威尔士都堪称首屈一指。

Rollercoasters have been making stomachs flip for centuries. The earliest versions appeared in 17th-century Russia, where brave riders slid down giant ice-covered ramps. Modern steel rollercoasters transformed theme parks into thrill-seeking playgrounds. Today, they're bigger, faster and taller than ever. Millions of people queue for hours just to experience a few minutes of screaming, laughing and that heart-racing drop. But if you're anything like me, there comes a point when those rides stop feeling exciting and start feeling... slightly regrettable.
几个世纪以来，过山车一直让人胃部翻腾。 最早的版本出现在 17 世纪的俄罗斯，勇敢的骑手从巨大的冰雪坡道上滑下。 现代钢制过山车将主题公园变成了寻求刺激的游乐场。 如今，它们比以往任何时候都更大、更快、更高。 数百万人排队几个小时，只是为了体验几分钟的尖叫、大笑和心跳加速的感觉。 但如果你和我一样，那么到了某个时刻，这些游乐设施就会不再让你感到兴奋，而是开始感到……有点遗憾。

As children, rollercoasters seem almost impossible to resist. Part of the appeal is that contrasting mix of fear and excitement. According to BBC Science Focus, rollercoasters trigger the body's fight-or-flight response, releasing adrenaline, dopamine and endorphins that make the experience feel exciting and rewarding. Our brains quickly learn to associate that rush with fun, which is why so many children can't wait to jump back in the queue. The sense of achievement doesn't hurt either – finally being tall enough to ride the biggest coaster feels like a rite of passage, making us feel braver and probably way cooler at the time.
作为孩子，过山车似乎几乎无法抗拒。 恐惧与兴奋的鲜明对比是其吸引力的一部分。 据 BBC Science Focus 报道，过山车会引发身体的战斗或逃跑反应，释放肾上腺素、多巴胺和内啡肽，让体验感到兴奋和有益。 我们的大脑很快就会学会将这种匆忙与乐趣联系起来，这就是为什么这么多孩子迫不及待地想重新加入队列。 成就感也不会有什么坏处——终于长到足够高，可以乘坐最大的过山车，感觉就像是一种成人仪式，让我们感觉更勇敢，而且当时可能会更酷。

So why does that love affair often fade with age? Unfortunately, our bodies change. WanderWisdom explains that changes in the inner ear as we get older can make us more sensitive to motion, meaning rollercoasters that once felt thrilling may now leave us feeling dizzy or nauseous. Motion sickness happens when the brain receives conflicting signals from the eyes and inner ear, leading to dizziness, nausea and that feeling of churning in your tummy. Add stiffer joints, sore necks and a stronger awareness of risk, and it's hardly surprising that the rides we once begged to go on can suddenly feel more exhausting than exhilarating.
那么，为什么这段恋情常常会随着年龄的增长而消失呢？ 不幸的是，我们的身体会发生变化。 WanderWisdom 解释说，随着年龄的增长，内耳的变化会让我们对运动更加敏感，这意味着曾经令人兴奋的过山车现在可能会让我们感到头晕或恶心。 当大脑从眼睛和内耳接收到相互矛盾的信号时，就会发生晕动病，导致头晕、恶心和胃部翻腾的感觉。 再加上关节僵硬、脖子酸痛和风险意识增强，我们曾经恳求去参加的游乐设施突然变得更加疲惫，而不是令人兴奋，这也就不足为奇了。

The good news is that you don't have to completely give up coasters. Dramamine recommends staying hydrated, avoiding heavy meals before riding and looking towards the horizon instead of down at the tracks. Choosing a seat towards the middle can also make the ride feel less intense. These simple changes may reduce motion sickness and help you to rediscover the fun of laughing and screaming along the way without feeling the need to hurl or pass out as often!
好消息是您不必完全放弃杯垫。 茶苯海明建议保持水分充足，骑行前避免暴饮暴食，并朝地平线而不是向下看轨道。 选择靠近中间的座位也可以让乘坐感觉不那么紧张。 这些简单的改变可以减少晕动病，并帮助您重新发现沿途大笑和尖叫的乐趣，而无需经常摔倒或昏倒！

In 2014, California's King Fire blackened 400 square kilometers of forest, massive erosion followed.
2014年，加州国王大火烧毁了400平方公里的森林， 随后发生了大规模的水土流失。

One of Placer County's two reservoirs filled with sediment and had to be dredged, says county water chief Andy Fecko.
普莱瑟县主管安迪·费科表示，该县两座水库中有一座因泥沙淤积而不得不进行疏浚。

Every time we do that, it's a five to seven million dollar cost that you incur.
每次我们进行疏浚，都要花费500万到700万美元。

And you're out of business during the whole time when you're trying to clear those facilities out. And so we incurred those costs several years in a row.
当你试图清理那些设施时，你一直处于停业状态。我们连续几年支付了这些费用。

And he worried about the county's other reservoir, French Meadows, just a few kilometers away.
他还担心几公里外的另一座水库——法国草地水库。

So it was one of these watersheds that was very much under threat of a high-intensity wildfire.
正是这些流域之一受到了一场高强度野火的威胁。

These devastating wildfires are on the rise in the west, experts say, as climate change dries out the forests.
专家表示，随着气候变化导致森林变得干燥，这些毁灭性的野火在西部地区正日益增多。

And a century of misguided management has left them overgrown and extra flammable.
一个世纪的错误管理让它们杂草丛生，变得格外易燃。

Across the west, the unintended consequences threaten reservoirs and their drinking water and hydropower, says Angel Hertslet of the Nature Conservancy.
大自然保护协会的安吉尔·赫茨勒特表示，在西部各地，这些意外后果正威胁着水库及其饮用水供应和水力发电。

There's a growing understanding from water utilities in particular that their water quality, their water quantity is very much impacted by what's happening in the headwaters.
特别是自来水公司越来越认识到，他们的水质和水量在很大程度上受到水源地情况的影响。

Thinning out the forest lowers the fire risk. The forest around the French Meadows Reservoir belongs to the US Forest Service.
疏伐森林可降低火灾风险。法国草地水库周边的森林归美国林务局所有。

But the agency has millions of hectares across the west that need thinning, says district ranger Michael Woodbridge.
地区护林员迈克尔·伍德布里奇说，该机构在西部有上百万公顷的土地需要进行疏伐。

We're always doing as much as we can with the capacity we have, but French Meadows is kind of above and beyond what that capacity would have been.
我们一直在用现有的能力尽力而为，但法国草地水库的情况有点超出了我们现有能力的范畴。

So an unusual partnership formed. The water agency, the Nature Conservancy, state and local governments and others all pitched in to do the planning, raise the money and get the work done.
一种不同寻常的合作关系形成了。水务局、大自然保护协会、州政府和地方政府以及其他各方都纷纷参与进行规划、筹集资金并完成工作。

And we said fantastic if you guys can do that with us, then we can get this work done in this area.
我们说，如果你们能和我们一起做那件事，那我们就可以在这个领域完成这项工作。

The partners say they're going faster and doing more than any group could have done on its own.
合作伙伴们表示，他们比任何独立团队都行动得更快、做得更多。

But it will still take years with millions of hectares across the west at risk of fire and climate change turning up the heat.
但这仍需要数年时间，因为西部数百万公顷的土地面临火灾风险，而且气候变化还在加剧高温。

Water agency manager Fecko says Placer County's reservoirs are a cautionary tale.
水务机构经理费科表示，普莱瑟县的各水库是一个警示案例。

I want them to learn from our experience and start taking really aggressive steps in managing their own watersheds.
我希望他们能从我们的经验中学习，并开始采取非常积极的措施来管理他们自己的流域。

So they don't end up in the same boat that we're in currently.
这样他们就不会落得和我们现在一样的境地。

It's what they do when they don't want something to happen, filibuster, an effort to prevent a vote in the USSenateby extending debate.
这就是他们不想让某事发生时会采取的手段——冗长辩论，这是一种通过延长辩论来阻止美国参议院投票表决的做法。

TheSenateprides itself on being a deliberative body where debate is vital to decision making.
参议院以自己是一个审议机构而自豪，在那里辩论对决策至关重要。

Senaterules allow debate on a measure to continue until three-fifths--60 out of the 100 senators--vote to end it.
参议院规则允许对一项议案进行辩论，直到五分之三（即100名参议员中的60名）投票决定终止辩论为止。

At one time, a two-thirds vote was needed, butSenaterules changed in 1975.
曾经需要三分之二的多数票，但参议院规则在1975年进行了修改。

So when asenatoror group of senators want to block something, they take the floor and keep talking.
当某位参议员或一群参议员想要阻止某项议案时，他们就会持续发言。

In recent decades, the mere threat of a filibuster has been enough to halt action on almost any bill that lacks the support of 60 senators.
近几十年来，仅凭冗长辩论的威胁就足以阻止任何缺乏60名参议员支持的法案推进。

But the use of the filibuster was ended for approval of judicial appointments in 2013 and for Supreme Court approvals in 2017.
但是，冗长辩论在2013年终止适用于司法任命的批准，并在2017年终止适用于最高法院的批准。

The term filibuster is derived from a Dutch word for "pirate".
“filibuster”一词源自荷兰语中意为“海盗”的单词。

The record for the longest filibuster is held bySenatorStrom Thurmond of South Carolina, who spoke for 24 hours and 18 minutes inoppositionof the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
最长的冗长辩论记录由南卡罗来纳州参议员斯特罗姆·瑟蒙德保持，为反对1957年《民权法案》连续演讲了24小时18分钟。