英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

Years ago discrimination against people with disabilities often started right at birth.
多年前，对残疾人的歧视往往始于出生。

When I was born, a doctor came in to my mom and explained to her my diagnosis in this way, your son is a midget like you see in the circus.
当我出生时，一位医生走进来对我妈妈这样解释我的诊断结果：你的儿子就像你在马戏团里看到的那种侏儒。

So in that one sentence, that he said to my mother he's basically laid out my entire future.
在他对我母亲说的那句话里，他基本上已经规划好了我的整个未来。

Okay, just in one second, Lydia. Boss is busy firing me because I make him uncomfortable,
好吧，就在一会儿，莉迪亚。老板正忙着解雇我，因为我让他不舒服，

But luckily times have changed. Woodburn who was diagnosed with dwarfism went on to have a successful acting career, appearing in more than 30 films and making more than 150 television appearances, including the popular TV series Seinfeld.
但幸运的是，时代发生了变化。被诊断患有侏儒症的沃德本恩后来在演艺事业上取得了成功，参演了30多部电影并出演了150多部电视剧，其中包括热门剧集《宋飞正传》。

It's little people. You got that. His success reflects the impact of the ADA.
这是小人物，你明白的。他的成功反映了《美国残疾人法案》的影响。

The ADA stands for the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the important thing that we would really want everyone to know, is that it's a civil rights law.
ADA全称是Americans with Disabilities Act，最重要的是我们希望每个人都知道这是一部民权法案。

Individuals with disabilities were not part of that protection, and it became evident that they were not being included in ways that other previously marginalized groups were.
残疾人曾经并未受到这种保护，而且很明显，他们未能像其他曾被边缘化的群体那样被纳入其中。

Signed into law by president George HW Bush in 1990, the ADA provided protection against discrimination to millions of Americans in school, on the job, and in all public and private places.
《美国残疾人法案》于1990年由乔治·H·W·布什总统签署生效，该法案为数百万美国人在学校、职场以及所有公共和私人场所提供了免受歧视的保护。

By doing so, it improved access and quality of life for millions.
通过这样做，它改善了数百万人的生活便利性和生活质量。

I think one of the most important things that we look at with the Americans with Disabilities Act is its opportunity to level the playing field.
我认为《美国残疾人法案》最重要的意义之一在于它提供了公平竞争的机会。

But in the area of employment for people with disabilities, Goss acknowledges that the number remains low.
但在残疾人就业领域，戈斯承认，这一数字仍然很低。

In 2019, less than 20 percent of disabled adults had jobs, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. It's one reason why more advocacy is needed, says Woodburn.
在2019年，只有不到20%的残疾人有工作，据美国劳工统计局统计。沃德本恩表示，这正是需要更多倡导的原因之一。

And part of my advocacy with my own industry has been to change the landscape of employment of actors with disability, for example, because the belief system is that for kids, if you can't see it you can't be it.
我呼吁改变残疾演员的就业状况，因为人们的观念是，对于孩子来说，看不见榜样就无法成为那样的人。

But many of the law's provisions have improved lives, and even benefited those without disabilities.
但许多法律规定改善了人们的生活，甚至让那些没有残疾的人受益。

Ramps and curb cuts designed to accommodate wheelchairs, for example, help others.
例如，为方便轮椅通行而设计的坡道和路缘斜坡也能帮助到其他人。

After those were put in place, people started to see more and more mothers walking their babies in the strollers and delivery persons using those.
这些设施到位后，人们开始看到越来越多的母亲推着婴儿车散步，快递员也开始使用这些设施。

And text messaging was born out of technology for the hearing impaired.
短信是为听障人士研发的技术衍生而来的。

We owe that to the deaf community and their need to have that access.
我们应该为聋人社区着想，满足他们获取信息的需求。

As the ADA celebrates 30 years of advancing the lives of millions of Americans, Woodburn says there's still plenty of room for improvement.
在《美国残疾人法案》庆祝推动数百万美国人生活改善的30年之际，沃德本恩表示还有很大的改进空间。

We have to be included every step of the way and we're just not right now.
我们必须全程参与，可目前我们并没有做到。

So my hope is that anyone that has diversity or inclusion discussion, either as an advocate or as a corporate leader, that they always include disability, despite how uncomfortable it might make them feel.
我希望任何讨论多元化或包容性的人，无论是倡导者还是企业领导者，都能始终将残障人士纳入其中，尽管这可能让他们感到不适。

Two young children, a boy and a girl, hold a sign that reads "BRING OUR MOM BACK".
一个男孩和一个女孩举着一块牌子，上面写着“BRING OUR MOM BACK”。

This painting called "Simple Immigration" is the work of an 18-year-old Dominick Cocozza, and has already made its way to the US capitol in Washington D.C.
这幅名为《简单移民》的画作出自18岁的Dominick Cocozza之手，现已在美国华盛顿特区的国会大厦成功展出。

In 2019 Cocozza won in the annual art competition organized by the US congress.
2019年，Cocozza在美国国会组织的年度艺术竞赛中获胜。

I concentrated on the United States immigration crisis, and that was something that I felt deserve an empathetic and legal solution.
我专注于美国的移民危机，我觉得这一问题值得以富有同理心且合法的方式去解决。

So when I saw kids that you know looked like me when I was younger, you know behind cages and in bars and stuff, it was really jaw-dropping.
当我看到那些孩子，就像我小时候一样被关在笼子里、铁栅栏后面之类的，真是令人瞠目结舌。

That was even an issue that even had to be discussed. I didn't…I couldn't believe that. That was a thing that was happening.
这甚至是一个必须讨论的问题。我简直不敢相信，这种事情竟然真的发生了。

Cocozza says his work was inspired by the family separation policy executed at the US Mexican border. His works did not go unnoticed.
Cocozza表示，他的作品灵感来自美墨边境实施的家庭分离政策。他的作品并没有被忽视。

A Virginia congressman Don Beyer noticed the paintings, and suddenly the basement of Cocozza's parents' home, where the young man worked, was filled with journalists.
弗吉尼亚国会议员唐·拜尔注意到了这些画，突然间Cocozza父母家的地下室，也就是这个年轻人创作的地方，挤满了记者。

It's supposed to be a representation of the sadness that these kids were feeling. It was really an emotional painting that I wanted to portray.
这应该是为了表现这些孩子所感受到的悲伤。这幅画作确实饱含情感，正是我渴望表达的心境。

Dominick and his sister were born in Guatemala, but were adopted by an American family when they were still infants.
Dominick及其妹妹出生在危地马拉，但在他们还是婴儿时就被一个美国家庭收养了。

Today the young artist lives in Arlington, just a few kilometers away from the US capitol. But despite all that, he never forgets about where he came from.
今天这位年轻的艺术家住在阿灵顿，离美国国会大厦只有几公里远。但尽管如此，他从未忘记自己的出身。

It's a model of my family. I live in a primarily white community, so for me that was my personal difference.
这是我家的一个缩影。我生活在一个以白人为主的社区，所以对我来说，那就是我的个人差异。

And so I have my sister and me who were adopted from Guatemala as infants, painted a different color than the rest of the rocks.
妹妹和我在婴儿时期从危地马拉被收养，我们就像被涂成了与其他石头不同颜色的石头。

And these rocks are supposed to represent different families in their communities.
这些岩石应该代表他们社区中不同的家庭。

And then the water represents how communities are always changing in everything.
水象征着社区在方方面面始终处于变化之中。

This painting also won in a competition held by the Smithsonian, and was exhibited at the Hirshhorn Museum in downtown D.C.
这幅画还在史密森学会举办的一场比赛中获奖 ，并在华盛顿特区市中心的赫希洪博物馆展出。

For many years now, seasoned artist Gavin Glakas has been Dominick's mentor.
多年来，经验丰富的艺术家加文·格拉卡斯（Gavin Glakas）一直是Dominick的导师。

He's a very impressive young man, and he has that combination of real drive to learn and improve and further his talent level.
他是个非常出色的年轻人，兼具强烈的学习进取心与不断提升才华的渴望。

It'll be fascinating to see where he goes with. His work and career, he's obviously interested in those issues.
很期待看看他未来会有怎样的发展。他的作品和事业，显然他对那些问题很感兴趣。

Dominick has been painting since he was small. When he just started school he was already invited to take part in local exhibits.
Dominick从小就开始画画。当他刚开始上学时，他已经被邀请参加当地的展览。

That was an indication that it wasn't just his mom thinking he had some talent, there were other people saying "We'd like to take his work and show it in the county."
这表明不仅仅是他妈妈认为他有天赋，还有其他人表示“我们想收下他的作品并在县里展出”。

And after a couple of years of that, I approached the school and said, "Do you think that he may be gifted in visual arts?"
几年后，我找到学校问：“你认为他在视觉艺术方面有天赋吗?”

And they said, "We think so. Why don't you fill out the application and we'll go through the formal process?"
他们说：“我们想是的。 你为什么不填一下申请表，我们走个正式流程？”

In the fall of 2020 Dominick Cocozza will start his education at the Rhode Island School of Design, one of the oldest art schools in the country.
2020年秋天，Dominick Cocozza将开始在美国历史最悠久的艺术院校之一罗德岛设计学院接受教育。

The United States and China recently dispatched rovers to Mars, while the United Arab Emirates sent an orbiter to the red planet, where it is hoped humans one day will tread.
美国和中国最近向火星发射了探测器，同时阿联酋航空公司也向这颗红色星球发射了一颗人造卫星，希望有一天人类会踏上这片土地。

For man and machine alike, experts say landing on Mars is the hardest part of the trip.
专家表示，对于人和机器来说，登陆火星是旅程中最困难的部分。

The period from hitting the atmosphere to getting to the surface has been characterized depending on the mission as either the six minutes of terror or the seven minutes of terror.
从进入大气层到抵达表面的这段时间，根据不同的任务，被描述为“恐怖六分钟”或“恐怖七分钟”。

Mars has a thinner atmosphere than earth which complicates setting down safely on the surface.
火星的大气层比地球稀薄，这使得在火星表面安全降落变得困难。

Stanford University professor Scott Hubbard says, those six or seven minutes it takes to go from more than 19,000 kilometers per hour to zero are the riskiest.
斯坦福大学教授斯科特·哈伯德(Scott Hubbard)说，从每小时超过19000公里的速度降到零所需的六七分钟是最危险的。

In terms of where the risk factors are where you could lose this mission, that is an area that is of all the risk factors the one that you look at the most closely, because it's the one that has failed missions in the past.
就可能导致任务失败的风险因素而言，这是你最需要密切关注的一个方面，因为过去失败的任务都与此有关。

The casualty rate for Mars missions tops 50 percent. The US so far has successfully put a craft on the Martian surface, beginning with the Twin Vikings in 1976.
火星任务的伤亡率高达50%。到目前为止，美国至今已成功将航天器送上火星表面，最早可追溯到1976年发射的“海盗号”双子探测器。

NASA chose the red planet's Jezero crater over 60 other potential landing sites for its Perseverance rover. Dr. Bethany Ehlmann explains why.
美国宇航局选择了火星的杰泽罗陨石坑作为其“毅力号”探测器的着陆点。Bethany Ehlmann博士解释了其中的原因。

This is a great place to explore ancient habitats, the great place to look for life.
这是探索古代栖息地的绝佳地点，也是寻找生命的理想之地。

And as added bonus, just outside the rim of Jezreo crater are some of the oldest best exposed rocks on Mars from a time period even one billion years earlier.
另外的惊喜是，杰泽罗陨石坑边缘之外，有一些火星上最古老、暴露得最完好的岩石，其形成时间甚至比现在还要早10亿年。

The craft should reach Mars in February, along with the Chinese and UA emissions after seven months in transit over 480 million kilometers.
该飞船将于明年2月抵达火星，连同中国和阿联酋发射的一起，要经过7个月的时间，跨越4.8亿公里。

In spring 2021 French astronaut Thomas Pesquet become the first European to ride a SpaceX capsule to what will be his second stay aboard the international space station.
2021年春天，法国宇航员托马斯·佩斯凯成为首位乘坐SpaceX太空舱的欧洲人，这将是他在国际空间站的第二次逗留。

People from all over the world, different countries have put together the resources for peaceful purposes, for science, for research, for progress.
来自世界各地、不同国家的人们为了和平的目的、为了科学、为了研究、为了进步而汇聚资源。

And it's been going on for 20 years and it's an amazing success.
它已经持续了20年，取得了惊人的成功。

Finally this week Virgin Galactic unveiled the cabin of its spaceship II commercial craft.
本周维珍银河公司终于揭开了其太空船二号商业飞行器的舱内设计。

It has 12 windows, Virgin says, they designed the cabin for an out-of-seat weightlessness experience. The company says final tests are ongoing.
维珍银河公司表示，该舱体设有12扇舷窗，专为乘客离座体验失重状态而设计。公司称最终测试目前仍在进行中。

First there was the keyboard, then the touch screen.
首先是键盘，然后是触屏。

Some tech companies say a wearable pair of glasses could be the next leap in technology, even if it didn't work out for google glass.
一些科技公司表示，即使谷歌眼镜未能成功，可穿戴眼镜仍可能是科技领域的下一次重大飞跃。

In the future we won't be only limited to our smartphones, when it comes to understanding the world around us. So this is our early investment in that future.
未来我们将不再局限于仅通过智能手机来理解周围的世界。这就是我们对那个未来的早期投资。

The US-based company Snap's investments is this--the spectacles, three sunglasses. This third version is smarter than the previous ones.
总部设在美国的Snap公司投资开发了这款太阳镜。第三个版本比之前的版本更智能。

It has two cameras. The corner of the glasses lights up when recording video, and allows the wearer to put 3D objects in the video. Here are some flowers.
它有两个摄像头。在录制视频时，眼镜的角落会亮起，佩戴者可以对物品进行3D拍摄。这里有些花。

Users can capture up to a minute of video. In a very different application, the InGlass by Hong Kong-based Pacific Future allows theme park visitors to have a different kind of experience through augmented reality.
用户最多可以拍摄一分钟的视频。在一个截然不同的应用场景中，香港太平洋未来科技公司推出的InGlass让主题公园游客通过增强现实技术获得别样体验。

During the launch of the smart glasses during Halloween, this park became extra scary. So there's a ghost everywhere mixed with the real like buildings.
在万圣节期间推出智能眼镜时，这个公园变得格外恐怖。看起来就像这座楼里到处都是鬼魂。

The glasses are used in theme parks in China and Malaysia.
这副眼镜在中国和马来西亚的主题公园中使用。

With a processor inside, these augmented reality glasses are designed for ages 12 and up, because of its weight and size.
内置处理器的增强现实眼镜因重量和体积原因，设计适用年龄为12岁及以上。

Augmented reality security glasses made by Beijing-based Goolton can be used by police to identify suspects.
北京谷东科技公司制造的增强现实安防眼镜可帮助警方识别嫌疑人。

He can set a blacklist and the skin in your crowded people and find your criminal very soon.
警方可以设置黑名单，在茫茫人海中识别出皮肤特征，很快就能找到罪犯。

Armed with facial recognition software, video or images captured by these smart glasses can be sent to security officials off-site for analysis.
配备面部识别软件的智能眼镜可将拍摄的视频或图像发送给场外的安保人员进行分析。

Of course there are privacy concerns with any device that comes with built-in cameras, one of the reasons consumers rejected google glass.
当然，任何配备内置摄像头的设备都会引发隐私担忧，这也是消费者拒绝谷歌眼镜的原因之一。

Still the race is on for tech companies, big and small, to turn an everyday item like glasses into something smarter.
尽管如此，大大小小的科技公司仍在竞相将眼镜等日常用品改造成更智能的产品。

The Work to Ride program basically started with an idea that I had about using horses and youth combining those two to make a difference in the lives of children.
“骑马计划”项目基本上源于我一个想法，即把马匹和青少年结合起来，从而改变孩子们的生活。

Our facility, Chamonix Equestrian Center, is located in Philadelphia. And it is bordered on two of the most crime-ridden neighborhoods here in Philadelphia.
我们的设施查莫尼克斯马术中心位于费城。它毗邻费城两个犯罪率最高的社区。

One is North Philadelphia and one is West Philadelphia. We have children that come from those neighborhoods.
一个是北费城， 一个是西费城。参加这个项目的有来自这些社区的孩子。

Being in the program has kept me away from a lot of stuff like getting involved in drugs and getting related things that usually happen in the street.
参加这个项目让我远离了很多事情，比如吸毒和街头常见的那些相关活动。

When I come to the barn, I'm always very happy. I'm usually excited, usually ready to ride.
当我来到马厩时，我总是非常开心。我通常很兴奋，随时准备骑马。

The horses that we use in the program are donated. The kids in the Work to Ride program are primarily responsible for taking care of horses.
我们项目中使用的马匹都是捐赠的。参加“骑马计划”的孩子主要负责照看马匹。

On any given day, they're responsible for chores, cleaning up the stables, taking care of any medical needs that any of the horses may have.
每一天他们都要负责杂务、清理马厩、照顾马匹，满足它们可能会有的任何医疗需求。

It's a big responsibility. It is a lot of work to do. But all the work like is contributing to the one important thing is taking care of the horse.
这是一项重大的责任。有很多工作要做。但所有这些工作都有助于一件重要的事情，那就是照顾好马匹。

And if take care of the horse, then we're able to ride and it all leads up to playing in the games and just good management.
如果我们照顾好马，那么我们就能骑马，这一切最终都是为了参加比赛，同时进行良好的管理。

I feel like I've built an individual bond with each and every horse we have at our barn. Being at the barn is very like homey. It's very comfortable and I feel safe.
我觉得我和马厩里的每一匹马都建立了深厚的联系。待在马厩里很有家的感觉。这里非常舒适，让我感到安心。