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In 2014, California's King Fire blackened 400 square kilometers of forest, massive erosion followed.
2014年，加州国王大火烧毁了400平方公里的森林， 随后发生了大规模的水土流失。

One of Placer County's two reservoirs filled with sediment and had to be dredged, says county water chief Andy Fecko.
普莱瑟县主管安迪·费科表示，该县两座水库中有一座因泥沙淤积而不得不进行疏浚。

Every time we do that, it's a five to seven million dollar cost that you incur.
每次我们进行疏浚，都要花费500万到700万美元。

And you're out of business during the whole time when you're trying to clear those facilities out. And so we incurred those costs several years in a row.
当你试图清理那些设施时，你一直处于停业状态。我们连续几年支付了这些费用。

And he worried about the county's other reservoir, French Meadows, just a few kilometers away.
他还担心几公里外的另一座水库——法国草地水库。

So it was one of these watersheds that was very much under threat of a high-intensity wildfire.
正是这些流域之一受到了一场高强度野火的威胁。

These devastating wildfires are on the rise in the west, experts say, as climate change dries out the forests.
专家表示，随着气候变化导致森林变得干燥，这些毁灭性的野火在西部地区正日益增多。

And a century of misguided management has left them overgrown and extra flammable.
一个世纪的错误管理让它们杂草丛生，变得格外易燃。

Across the west, the unintended consequences threaten reservoirs and their drinking water and hydropower, says Angel Hertslet of the Nature Conservancy.
大自然保护协会的安吉尔·赫茨勒特表示，在西部各地，这些意外后果正威胁着水库及其饮用水供应和水力发电。

There's a growing understanding from water utilities in particular that their water quality, their water quantity is very much impacted by what's happening in the headwaters.
特别是自来水公司越来越认识到，他们的水质和水量在很大程度上受到水源地情况的影响。

Thinning out the forest lowers the fire risk. The forest around the French Meadows Reservoir belongs to the US Forest Service.
疏伐森林可降低火灾风险。法国草地水库周边的森林归美国林务局所有。

But the agency has millions of hectares across the west that need thinning, says district ranger Michael Woodbridge.
地区护林员迈克尔·伍德布里奇说，该机构在西部有上百万公顷的土地需要进行疏伐。

We're always doing as much as we can with the capacity we have, but French Meadows is kind of above and beyond what that capacity would have been.
我们一直在用现有的能力尽力而为，但法国草地水库的情况有点超出了我们现有能力的范畴。

So an unusual partnership formed. The water agency, the Nature Conservancy, state and local governments and others all pitched in to do the planning, raise the money and get the work done.
一种不同寻常的合作关系形成了。水务局、大自然保护协会、州政府和地方政府以及其他各方都纷纷参与进行规划、筹集资金并完成工作。

And we said fantastic if you guys can do that with us, then we can get this work done in this area.
我们说，如果你们能和我们一起做那件事，那我们就可以在这个领域完成这项工作。

The partners say they're going faster and doing more than any group could have done on its own.
合作伙伴们表示，他们比任何独立团队都行动得更快、做得更多。

But it will still take years with millions of hectares across the west at risk of fire and climate change turning up the heat.
但这仍需要数年时间，因为西部数百万公顷的土地面临火灾风险，而且气候变化还在加剧高温。

Water agency manager Fecko says Placer County's reservoirs are a cautionary tale.
水务机构经理费科表示，普莱瑟县的各水库是一个警示案例。

I want them to learn from our experience and start taking really aggressive steps in managing their own watersheds.
我希望他们能从我们的经验中学习，并开始采取非常积极的措施来管理他们自己的流域。

So they don't end up in the same boat that we're in currently.
这样他们就不会落得和我们现在一样的境地。

It's what they do when they don't want something to happen, filibuster, an effort to prevent a vote in the USSenateby extending debate.
这就是他们不想让某事发生时会采取的手段——冗长辩论，这是一种通过延长辩论来阻止美国参议院投票表决的做法。

TheSenateprides itself on being a deliberative body where debate is vital to decision making.
参议院以自己是一个审议机构而自豪，在那里辩论对决策至关重要。

Senaterules allow debate on a measure to continue until three-fifths--60 out of the 100 senators--vote to end it.
参议院规则允许对一项议案进行辩论，直到五分之三（即100名参议员中的60名）投票决定终止辩论为止。

At one time, a two-thirds vote was needed, butSenaterules changed in 1975.
曾经需要三分之二的多数票，但参议院规则在1975年进行了修改。

So when asenatoror group of senators want to block something, they take the floor and keep talking.
当某位参议员或一群参议员想要阻止某项议案时，他们就会持续发言。

In recent decades, the mere threat of a filibuster has been enough to halt action on almost any bill that lacks the support of 60 senators.
近几十年来，仅凭冗长辩论的威胁就足以阻止任何缺乏60名参议员支持的法案推进。

But the use of the filibuster was ended for approval of judicial appointments in 2013 and for Supreme Court approvals in 2017.
但是，冗长辩论在2013年终止适用于司法任命的批准，并在2017年终止适用于最高法院的批准。

The term filibuster is derived from a Dutch word for "pirate".
“filibuster”一词源自荷兰语中意为“海盗”的单词。

The record for the longest filibuster is held bySenatorStrom Thurmond of South Carolina, who spoke for 24 hours and 18 minutes inoppositionof the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
最长的冗长辩论记录由南卡罗来纳州参议员斯特罗姆·瑟蒙德保持，为反对1957年《民权法案》连续演讲了24小时18分钟。

A moment that is filled with both happiness and worry for future parents.
对准父母来说，这是一个既充满幸福又夹杂着担忧的时刻。

It's like we're having a baby. Social networks are filled with such videos.
我们要迎来一个新生命了。社交网络中充斥着这样的视频。

However, it's pretty hard to find stories from the other end of the spectrum: families talking about miscarriages.
然而，要找到另一个极端的故事却相当困难，即那些谈论流产经历的家庭故事。

Heather Hodnicki and her husband Joe, parents of a one-year-old boy, recorded this video when doctors told them Heather's second pregnancy is unlikely to be viable.
Heather Hodnicki和她的丈夫Joe有一个一岁大的男孩，当医生告诉他们Heather的第二次怀孕不太可能成功时，他们录下了这段视频。

A hematoma formed around the fetus, and at nine weeks Heather had a miscarriage.
胎儿周围形成了血肿，到第九周时，Heather流产了。

Instead of closing up, she started a blog on Instagram, where she shares her difficult experience.
她没有封闭自己，而是在照片墙上开了一个博客，分享自己的艰难经历。

It was a loss of a little life, and then I would relate to it. As you know it was a little soul that was with me, and I saw a heartbeat on the monitor, and then that little soul was gone.
我失去了一个小生命，我对此感同身受。如你所知，那是一个曾陪伴着我的小灵魂，我在监视器上看到了心跳，接着那个小灵魂就消逝了。

So talking to other women took the taboo. I mean, I know it's something that's very taboo to talk about.
和其他女性谈论这个话题就成了禁忌，我知道这是一个禁忌话题，

But in doing so, it made it easier for me to process the fact that it is a loss, and I am allowed to feel the emotions that I'm feeling.
但这样做让我更容易接受失去的事实，而且我也被允许去感受自己当下的情绪。

Out of every hundred pregnancies, about 10 to 15 end in miscarriages and a lot of women blame themselves.
每100次怀孕中，大约有10到15次会以流产告终，许多女性会自责。

Doctors say a miscarriage before the end of the first trimester usually means the embryo had chromosomal abnormalities.
医生表示，在妊娠前三个月内发生的流产通常意味着胚胎有染色体异常。

We've just gonna present next month a study on 55,000 patients that had miscarriages, and they had genetic testing on the miscarriage.
我们将在下个月发布一项关于55,000名流产患者的研究，并对流产组织进行了基因检测。

56 percent of the pregnancies that were lost were genetically abnormal.
在流产的孕妇中，有56%是基因异常。

Doctors say age plays a critical role. If a woman is in her 30s and has one or even two miscarriages, there can be a reason that is structural.
医生说年龄起着至关重要的作用。如果一个30多岁的女人流产了一次甚至两次，可能有一个结构性的原因。

In other words, like a fibroid, or can be immunological or homological, that could be a clotting disorder or an antibody, could be an infection, so there could be something that is really treatable.
换句话说，可能像纤维瘤一样，可能是免疫问题，也可能是同源的，可能是凝血障碍或者抗体问题，也可能是感染，有些病症是可以治愈的。

If a woman's in her 40s, then recurrent miscarriages are usually due to the eggs not being healthy, because when a woman's in her 40s, almost 90 percent of the eggs exit chromosomally abnormal.
如果一个女人40多岁，反复流产通常是由于卵子不健康，因为当女性到了40多岁时，近90%的卵子会出现染色体异常。

Doctors say that most women who have experienced a miscarriage will in time give birth to healthy babies, most of them without any special treatment.
医生们表示，大多数经历过流产的女性最终都会生下健康的宝宝，其中大部分无需任何特殊治疗。

I had a patient years ago. She came in and she was in her early 30s. She had 27 miscarriages and I said first I didn't believe her.
几年前我有个病人。她来就诊时，大约三十岁出头。她经历过27次流产，起初我不相信她。

I got all her records, went through them. They all had been documented.
我拿到了她所有的记录，仔细查看了一番。所有记录都已存档。

She had had most of the tests done and we completed the tests, and really in her case there were a few little things that were off but nothing major.
她已完成大部分检查，我们完成了剩余检查，就她的情况而言，确实有几个小指标异常，但并无大碍。

And after I got all her information, I said, "Can I ask you a question?" I asked her.
等我了解到她所有的信息后 ，我问她：“我能问你个问题吗？”

I said, "I've been seeing patients with miscarriages for many many years.
我说：“多年来，我一直在接诊流产患者。

I don't even, I can't even imagine how you can think about trying to have another pregnancy after having 27 pregnancies and 27 miscarriages."
我简直无法想象，在经历了27次怀孕和27次流产之后，你怎么还会想着再去尝试怀孕。”

And she said, "Dr Kutteh, I just know that. I'm gonna have a baby."
她说：“库特医生，我就是知道。我会怀上孩子的。”

And I said, "Well, as long as you're willing to still have hope and continue trying that, I'm willing to do everything that I can to help you."
我说：“只要你愿意仍然抱有希望并继续努力，我愿意尽我所能帮助你。”

And she eventually, with her next pregnancy, did have a pregnancy.
最终，她再次怀孕时，确实成功受孕了。

Three months ago, Heather gave birth to a healthy baby girl.
三个月前Heather生了一个健康的女孩。

Like many other women who have gone through a miscarriage experience, she calls her daughter a rainbow child, and baby Willow unknowingly helps her mom heal very fast.
和其他许多有过流产经历的女性一样，她称自己的女儿为“彩虹宝宝” ，而小薇洛在不知不觉中帮助妈妈很快地治愈了心灵创伤。

It's always emotional thinking about that baby that we lost.
一想到我们失去的那个孩子，总是让人感慨万千。

The best advice that I can give to women who are going through something similar is to reach out to your friends, reach out to your family, possibly reach out to your doctors, to see if they can give you any advice on who to turn to, who to talk to.
我能给有类似经历的女性的最好建议是：向你的朋友求助，向你的家人求助，也可以向你的医生咨询，看看他们能否给你一些建议，告诉你该向谁求助、该和谁倾诉。

Definitely, you know, talking it out with anybody I find helps.
当然，我觉得和任何人把事情说出来都有帮助。

Researchers from universities in Edinburgh and Mexico spent seven years studying the behaviour of black-handed spider monkeys in the Yucatan Peninsula. They observed that the large groups the primates live in split into smaller subgroups when searching for food. Different combinations of monkeys would split off each time, meaning the same subgroup might never forage together twice.
来自爱丁堡和墨西哥多所大学的研究人员花了七年时间研究尤卡坦半岛上黑掌蜘蛛猴的行为。他们观察到，这类灵长目动物群居的大群体会在寻找食物时分成一个个小分队。每次分出来的小分队成员都不同，这意味着几乎不会出现原班人马第二次一起觅食的情况。

Dr Matthew Silk from the University of Edinburgh says these groups are a clever way of sharing knowledge about the locations of the best fruit trees. Some parts of the forest were known by many monkeys, like a town's favourite restaurant, while others were known by just one or two, like a hidden gem.
爱丁堡大学的马修·西尔克博士称，这种分组方式很聪明，可以有效地分享最好吃的果树位置。森林里的某些地方就像城里最受欢迎的餐厅，很多猴子都知道；而有些地方则像一个鲜为人知的 “宝藏小店”，只有一两只猴子了解。

Less than a centimetre in size, these tiny snails had been pushed to thebrinkof extinction.
这些体长不足一厘米的小型蜗牛一度濒临灭绝。

Their home on the Madeira Archipelago had been grazed bare by invasive goats and rabbits, while mice saw the molluscs as a water source.
它们在马德拉群岛上的栖息地被入侵的山羊和兔子啃食殆尽，而老鼠则将这些软体动物当作水分的来源。

But after conservation work, including a breeding programme at Chester Zoo, hundreds of the snails have now been returned to the wild. The team said they had one shot to save the species.
不过，在实施了一系列动物保护措施后，包括切斯特动物园的一个繁育项目，数百只蜗牛如今已经被重新放归野外。研究团队表示，他们只有这一次机会来拯救这一物种。

The mission involved transporting them in the dark to snail-friendly crevices in the rocks. It's hoped they come out of their shell to restore soil and boost the natural habitat.
此次行动包括在夜间将这些蜗牛转移到适宜生存的岩石缝中。人们希望它们能从壳中爬出、重新活跃起来，从而帮助恢复土壤环境，促进当地生态栖息地的恢复。