英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

The 24-carat gold pendant features the Tudor rose and a pomegranate bush, the personal symbol of Katherine of Aragon.
这枚 24K 纯金吊坠上刻有都铎玫瑰和石榴树丛纹饰，后者是 “阿拉贡的凯瑟琳” 的个人象征。

Discovered by a metal detectorist in a field in Warwickshire in 2019, it's believed to be the only surviving piece of jewellery directly linked to Henry VIII's 24-year marriage to Katherine.
这枚吊坠由一位金属探测寻宝爱好者在 2019 年于沃里克郡的一处田野中发现，它被认为是唯一一件存世的、与亨利八世和凯瑟琳 24 年的婚姻有直接关联的珠宝。

The British Museum raised hundreds of thousands of pounds to help pay for the piece through a public appeal. Its director, Nicholas Cullinan, says the response shows how strongly people value Britain's past.
大英博物馆通过公众募捐筹集了上百万英镑以支付购买这件珠宝。大英博物馆馆长尼古拉斯·库里南表示，公众的响应显示出人们对英国历史的高度珍视。

The pendant will join the museum's collection later this year and is expected to tour the UK.
这枚吊坠将在今年晚些时候加入到大英博物馆的藏品行列中，并计划在英国各地巡回展出。

From singing at concerts to singing 'Happy birthday'. Around the world, humans have been singing in unison for millennia. Some anthropologists even think our ancestors may have sung before they could speak. "Lullabies are sung to children, and then songs are sung at funerals", says Alex Street, from the Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, who thinks that our positive response to music is no accident. Music is not only enjoyable, but beneficial for our health.
从在音乐会上唱歌到唱“生日快乐”。 在世界各地，人类几千年来一直在齐声歌唱。 一些人类学家甚至认为我们的祖先可能在会说话之前就已经唱歌了。 剑桥音乐治疗研究所的亚历克斯·斯特里特说：“给孩子们唱摇篮曲，然后在葬礼上唱歌曲”，他认为我们对音乐的积极反应并非偶然。 音乐不仅令人愉悦，而且对我们的健康有益。

There is growing evidence that singing can energise us, improve immune function and increase feelings of happiness, according to 'A Review of the Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Singing', published in 2018. It's thought that the repeated and controlled breathing that singing requires releases endorphins, which are chemicals released by the brain associated with pleasure and wellbeing. It may even provide a physical workout comparable to a brisk walk. And singing as part of a group or choir may have additional effects. Researchers in 'The ice-breaker effect: singing mediates fast social bonding' found that singing together accelerated faster social cohesion among strangers.
根据 2018 年发表的《歌唱的生理效应和机制综述》，越来越多的证据表明，歌唱可以让我们充满活力、改善免疫功能并增加幸福感。人们认为，唱歌所需的重复和受控呼吸会释放内啡肽，内啡肽是大脑释放的与愉悦和幸福感相关的化学物质。 它甚至可以提供与快走相当的身体锻炼。 作为团体或合唱团的一部分唱歌可能会产生额外的效果。 研究人员在“破冰效应：唱歌能促进快速社交”中发现，一起唱歌可以加速陌生人之间更快的社交凝聚力。

Some studies have also found that regular musical activity can help to delay the onset of various neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease and dementia. And it's not too late for those already living with such conditions. Cathy McGlynn is a music therapist based in Ireland who leads a choir of people with Parkinson's. The disease can lead to respiratory and vocal problems, both of which are benefited by singing practice. For those suffering with dementia, singing can enhance the type of memory which helps us recall names and specific personal experiences, according to a literature review on singing and cognitive health called 'A Song for the Mind'. Music therapist Grace Meadows watched as a woman with dementia got up out of her chair and started dancing at a musical performance. "It was the first time the carers had ever seen her move, unaided."
一些研究还发现，定期的音乐活动有助于延缓帕金森病和痴呆症等各种神经系统疾病的发作。 对于那些已经生活在这种情况下的人来说还不算太晚。 凯茜·麦克格林 (Cathy McGlynn) 是爱尔兰的一名音乐治疗师，她领导着一个由帕金森氏症患者组成的合唱团。 这种疾病会导致呼吸和声音问题，而唱歌练习对这两种问题都有好处。 根据一篇名为《心灵之歌》的关于歌唱和认知健康的文献综述，对于患有痴呆症的人来说，唱歌可以增强记忆力，帮助我们回忆起名字和具体的个人经历。 音乐治疗师格蕾丝·梅多斯 (Grace Meadows) 看着一名患有痴呆症的妇女从椅子上站起来，开始在音乐表演中跳舞。 “这是护理人员第一次看到她在没有帮助的情况下移动。”

Music may not be a medicine in the traditional sense, but one thing seems clear: humans are wired for connection, and music helps to create it. So, if you're sceptical about the power of music, it may be time to change your tune.
音乐可能不是传统意义上的良药，但有一点似乎很清楚：人类生来就有联系，而音乐有助于创造这种联系。 因此，如果您对音乐的力量持怀疑态度，那么也许是时候改变您的态度了。

OK, I'm not proud of it, but sometimes when I'm watching TV, I might not actually be watching. Sometimes I'm just more tempted by my phone. Be honest, do you do the same? If you do, then we're not alone, lots of us watch TV with our phones in our hands. How is TV changing to accommodate this?
好吧，我并不为此感到自豪，但有时当我看电视时，我可能实际上并没有在看。 有时我只是对手机更感兴趣。 说实话，你也这样做吗？ 如果您这样做，那么我们并不孤单，我们很多人都拿着手机看电视。 电视如何改变以适应这一点？

Let's start by looking at the data. Studies have investigated different countries across the world and many of them reported that most people use their phone while watching TV. While the classic stereotype is that it's younger people who find it hard to put their phone down, the data actually shows that second-screening is common in most age groups under 55. Younger age groups are more likely to be looking at social media or food delivery apps, while older age groups prefer banking, e-commerce and travel.
让我们首先查看数据。 研究调查了世界各地不同的国家，其中许多国家报告称，大多数人在看电视时使用手机。 虽然人们普遍认为很难放下手机的是年轻人，但数据实际上显示，在 55 岁以下的大多数年龄组中，二次筛选很常见。年轻年龄组更有可能关注社交媒体或食品配送应用程序，而年长年龄组则更喜欢银行、电子商务和旅游。

How are producers dealing with this? A number of screenwriters have reported being told that they need to make programmes easier to follow for distracted viewers. Reports say that showrunners have asked for more exposition in dialogue, repetition of plot points and increased use of voice-over to make things clearer for those who aren't looking. Some critics and viewers have complained that this could be making series less complex and dialogue less natural.
生产商如何处理这个问题？ 据许多编剧报告，他们需要让分心的观众更容易看懂节目。 报道称，剧集制作人要求在对话中进行更多阐述、重复情节点并增加画外音的使用，以便让那些没有看的人更清楚地了解事情。 一些评论家和观众抱怨说，这可能会使剧集变得不那么复杂，对话也不那么自然。

Second screens are not the only reason that these things happen. Television drama writing developed from radio drama writing, which has to use dialogue to compensate for the lack of visuals. When books are adapted for TV or film, one challenge is how to tell the whole story with less narration. All this means that exposition has often been a feature of TV writing. As series became more prestigious and cinematic since the early 2000s, this clear signposting of plot points had become less common.
第二屏幕并不是发生这些事情的唯一原因。 电视剧写作是从广播剧写作发展而来的，广播剧写作必须用对话来弥补视觉效果的不足。 当书籍被改编成电视或电影时，一个挑战是如何用更少的旁白讲述整个故事。 所有这些都意味着，阐述往往是电视写作的一个特点。 自 2000 年代初以来，随着剧集变得越来越有声望和电影化，这种清晰的情节点路标已经变得不那么常见了。

Of course, TV viewers and TV programmes are not all the same. There is space for both casual and more complex programmes. Maybe the most important thing is for us to remember when to put our phones down.
当然，电视观众和电视节目并不完全相同。 休闲项目和更复杂的项目都有空间。 也许对我们来说最重要的是记住何时放下手机。

In central Kenya, local say people are being driven away from their homes by a cactus.
肯尼亚中部地区有传言称，一种仙人掌正迫使当地居民背井离乡。

Many people have moved out because their goats and cattle are dying. The people of Il Polei and Muneshwara are fleeing to other places. Many have left.
很多人因为山羊和牛不断死亡而搬离，伊尔波莱和穆内什瓦拉的居民正逃往其他地方，许多人已经离开。

The opuntia cactus are spread like a weed, killing off thousands of acres of grassland. Rancher Margaret Mamai says it has destroyed her livelihood.
仙人掌像杂草一样蔓延，毁掉了数千英亩的草原。牧场主玛格丽特·马迈说，这毁了她的生计。

If goats eat the cactus and its fruit, their eyes and mouth are affected. The most effective one is sheep.
如果山羊吃了仙人掌及其果实，它们的眼睛和嘴巴会受到影响。最可怜的是绵羊。

If it eats the cactus, there is no treatment. It dies. Now there is no place for them to graze.
如果它们吃了仙人掌，就无药可医了。它们就死定了。现在它们没有地方吃草了。

Mamai is fighting back by breeding microorganism that feed on the cactus.
马迈正在通过培育以仙人掌为食的微生物进行反击。

But Kenyan authorities say they will need to use laboratories to produce the quantities required to wipe out the problem plant.
但肯尼亚当局表示，他们需要利用实验室来生产所需数量的物资，以根除这种有害植物。

That's what we are lacking. The producers are making microorganisms so that they can be spread all over for them to reduce the opuntia. But it's a very slow method.
这正是我们所缺乏的。生产者正在培育微生物，以便将它们播撒到各处来减少仙人掌的数量。但是这个方法要花很长时间。

But it is not just microorganism that can feed on the cactus. At this community center, the cactus fruit are crushed to make juice and wine.
但并非只有微生物能啃食仙人掌。在这家社区中心，仙人掌果被压榨成汁，酿成美酒。

The seeds are dried and the oil extracted for making cosmetics.
种子经过干燥后提取油脂用于制造化妆品。

The plant for human use is good. The only problem is for the animals. Their spines, it's stuck in the animals.
这种植物对人类有益，唯一的问题是对动物而言，它们的刺会扎进动物体内。

But for the trees and the fruits, you can also eat the fruits good for human use.
除了树木，还有果实，你也可以食用对人类有益的果实。

But getting enough consumers to see the cactus as a food source is a challenge.
但要让足够多的消费者将仙人掌视为食物来源是一项挑战。

Meanwhile, for ranchers like Mamai, the opuntia is simply a way to be destroyed.
与此同时，对于像马迈这样的牧场主来说，仙人掌只是一种需要被铲除的东西。

Millions of people flock to the Trevi Fountain every year to take photos and make a wish as they flip a coin into the water, but there have long been complaints from locals about overcrowding. Now two lanes are being set up: one for residents, who get free access to the fountain, and another for tourists, who have to buy a ticket. The fees will go towards upkeep of the fountain and managing visitors.
每年都有数百万计的游客涌向特雷维喷泉，合影留念并向水中投硬币许愿。然而，当地居民长期以来一直对过度拥挤的人群有所怨言。现在，那里设立了两条专用通道：一条为居民通道，当地居民可免费进入喷泉区域；另一条为游客通道，游客需购买门票方可进入。门票收入将用于喷泉的修缮维护以及游客流量管理。

Tourists will also start paying for access to five other attractions across Rome, including the Napoleonic Museum. Venice already charges some visitors an entry fee on certain days, and with a boom in global tourism, other European cities are considering similar ideas.
游客前往罗马的其它五个景点也将开始付费，包括拿破仑博物馆。威尼斯已经在特定日期向部分游客收取 “进城费”，而随着全球旅游业的迅速增长，其它欧洲城市也在考虑推行类似的收费政策。