英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

This may look like an ordinary plastic straw and it may even be like one too, but it is not made of plastic.
这看起来可能像一根普通的塑料吸管，但它并非由塑料制成。

Cameron Ross started the Celise BioProducts company to produce single-use plastic alternatives from plant materials like these.
卡梅隆·罗斯创立了Celise BioProducts公司，利用这些植物材料生产一次性塑料替代品。

They are made of polylactic acid known as PLA from corn starches.
它们是由玉米淀粉中提取出的聚乳酸(PLA)制成的。

We work with food service providers, predominantly larger brands, to help them get quality sustainable and cost-effective solutions, made from plants to start getting rid of single-use plastics.
我们与食品服务供应商（主要是大型品牌）合作，帮助他们获得优质、可持续且具有成本效益的解决方案，这些成品由植物制成，以开始淘汰一次性塑料。

Single-use plastics such as bottles or straws are major cause of pollution.
瓶子或吸管等一次性塑料是造成污染的主要原因。

When we throw these away, they end up in a landfill or in the water like rivers.
当我们扔掉这些东西时，它们最终会进入垃圾填埋场或像河流这样的水域。

According to researchers, it could take up to more than 500 years for them to properly decompose.
据研究人员称，它们可能需要超过500年才能完全分解。

Ross says he wasn't always so environmentally conscious himself.
罗斯说，他以前并没有很强的环保意识。

But ever since the hiking trip in West Virginia, when he spent more time picking up trash than enjoying nature, his priorities changed.
但自从在西弗吉尼亚州的那次徒步旅行后，他就改变了想法，当时他花在捡垃圾上的时间比享受大自然还多。

That meant making biodegradable products that can break down in only a few years.
这意味着要制造可在短短几年内降解的生物可降解产品。

While many cafes and restaurants are choosing paper products to be more eco-conscious, it isn't cheap.
虽然许多咖啡馆和餐馆选择纸质产品是为了更加环保，但其成本并不便宜。

Paper straws can cost about eight times more than plastic straws.
纸质吸管的价格大约是塑料吸管的八倍。

But bioplastic straws cost less than a penny a straw, not even double the price of plastic ones.
但生物塑料吸管每根的成本不到一美分，甚至还不到塑料吸管价格的两倍。

Another problem with paper straws is that they get soggy.
纸质吸管的另一个问题是它们会变软。

You don't want to be sipping something that alters your drink or starts to melt while you're drinking.
你不会想在喝东西的时候，喝到那种会改变饮品味道或者开始融化的东西。

And then you have to get another paper straw, which creates more wastes than needed.
然后你必须再拿一根纸吸管，这样产生的废品反而更多。

Ross hopes his Washington DC-based company will provide an eco-friendly solution for food service providers.
罗斯希望他这家总部位于华盛顿特区的公司能为食品服务供应商提供一个环保解决方案。

Across the gallery, mannequin after mannequin is dressed in some of the most memorable outfits of the Queen's life.
展厅内，一个个的立式模特身着女王生前最令人难忘的经典华服。

Her wedding dress has been painstakingly restored, and there are shows of diplomatic dressing.
她的婚纱经过悉心修复，正与她一系列外交场合礼服一同展出。

The 1950s ball gown from her first state visit to America, and a glittering gown for a visit to India, adorned with lotus flower motifs.
其中包括她首次出访美国时穿过的 20 世纪 50 年代舞会礼服，以及访问印度时穿着的一条饰有莲花图案的闪亮长裙。

Also on display, her peach-coloured dress from the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics. Alongside it is a replica created for the stuntman, who was her body double to parachute into the stadium. Each item tells a story.
一同展出的还有她在 2012 年伦敦奥运会开幕式上穿的那件桃红色衣裙。这条裙子旁边陈列着一件专为特技替身演员制作的复制品，当年那位替身演员正是身着它空降到了体育场内。每件展品背后都诉说着一段故事。

Many mark significant events in British history. Others show the more private, dressed down moments of a monarch who was an early fashion influencer.
其中许多服饰都见证了英国历史中的重大时刻。而另一些则展示了这位君主作为早期 潮流引领者更私密、穿着低调的时刻。

Overpriced shop-bought sandwiches, underwhelming food from your work canteen or pricey local restaurants. If those are the alternatives, then it's unsurprising that many of us think leftovers make the perfect lunch. Leftovers are a good way to cut down on food waste. If you've cooked them yourself, then you can be sure what all the ingredients are and where they've come from. But how safe are leftovers? Could there be a danger lurking in your lunchbox?
商店购买的三明治价格过高，工作食堂或当地昂贵餐馆的食物平淡无奇。 如果这些都是替代方案，那么我们中的许多人认为剩菜是完美的午餐就不足为奇了。 剩菜剩饭是减少食物浪费的好方法。 如果您自己煮过它们，那么您可以确定所有成分是什么以及它们来自哪里。 但剩菜有多安全呢？ 你的午餐盒里是否潜藏着危险？

It's not just you that loves your leftovers. The BBC's Trust Me, I'm a Doctor programme tells us that they are also great for bacteria like listeria, salmonella and campylobacter. They can nourish themselves on the food we love and multiply incredibly quickly. One campylobacter bacterium can multiply to 70,000 million bacteria in just 12 hours. Food poisoning caused by these bacteria usually makes people mildly unwell but can also cause more serious life-threatening illnesses. What do we need to think about to keep our leftovers safe?
不只是你喜欢吃剩菜。 BBC 的“相信我，我是医生”节目告诉我们，它们对于李斯特菌、沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌等细菌也很有用。 它们可以靠我们喜爱的食物来滋养自己，并以惊人的速度繁殖。 一个弯曲杆菌可以在短短 12 小时内繁殖到 700 亿个细菌。 这些细菌引起的食物中毒通常会使人出现轻微不适，但也可能导致更严重的危及生命的疾病。 为了保证剩菜的安全，我们需要考虑什么？

Temperature control is important to stop bacteria growing on your food. Food safety experts warn of a danger zone between 8C and 63C. At these temperatures bacteria can grow easily on your leftover food. Refrigerating your leftovers slows bacteria growth, and this is why experts recommend putting your leftover food in the fridge within two hours. You should also cover any food in the refrigerator because air can contain contaminants, and also, many pathogens need oxygen to grow. However, do remember that fridges only slow bacteria growth, not stop it, so most leftovers should only be left in the fridge for two days.
温度控制对于阻止细菌在食物上生长非常重要。 食品安全专家警告说，8 摄氏度至 63 摄氏度之间存在危险区域。 在这样的温度下，细菌很容易在剩下的食物上生长。 冷藏剩菜可以减缓细菌的生长，这就是为什么专家建议在两小时内将剩菜放入冰箱的原因。 您还应该盖住冰箱中的所有食物，因为空气中可能含有污染物，而且许多病原体需要氧气才能生长。 但是，请记住，冰箱只能减缓细菌的生长，而不能阻止细菌的生长，因此大多数剩菜只能在冰箱中保存两天。

Temperature is also important if you are reheating leftovers. Instructions often recommend heating food until it's piping hot or steaming hot throughout. Clinical microbiology lecturer Primrose Freestone recommends that ovens are set to at least 163C and that food's internal temperature should reach at least 74C. Other experts tell us that food heated in the microwave should be stirred halfway through the process so that it's cooked all the way through.
如果您要重新加热剩菜，温度也很重要。 说明书通常建议加热食物，直到整个食物变得滚烫或热气腾腾。 临床微生物学讲师Primrose Freestone建议烤箱温度至少设置为163摄氏度，食物内部温度至少应达到74摄氏度。 其他专家告诉我们，用微波炉加热的食物应该在过程中途搅拌，以便完全煮熟。

Leftovers can be an economical way to cut down on food waste. However, it's important that we store and reheat food carefully to make sure that it stays safe to eat.
剩菜是减少食物浪费的一种经济方法。 然而，重要的是我们要小心储存和重新加热食物，以确保其食用安全。

If you've been on one of these calls, you've probably experienced people talking over each other. And then, there's this.
如果你参加过这样的电话会议，大概经历过大家互相抢话的情况。然后，就会出现这样的状况。

If someone's dog comes into it or someone stops paying attention, then you might miss what someone is saying.
如果有人的狗闯进来了，或者有人走神了，那么你可能会错过别人正在说的话。

Ryan Ottens' online business class in virtual reality or VR eliminates the distractions of a video conference call.
瑞安·奥滕斯（Ryan Ottens）的虚拟现实在线商务课程消除了视频会议中的干扰因素。

I can't see my phone. I can't see an email pop-up. So I'm fully focused on a great learning environment.
我看不见我的手机，看不到弹出的电子邮件。我全心投入于营造一个绝佳的学习环境。

Pagoni VR through its project Chimera created the VR experience with Ottens' class at Temple University.
帕戈尼虚拟现实公司通过其“奇美拉”项目，与奥滕斯所在的天普大学班级共同打造了虚拟现实体验。

The students appear as avatars in the virtual classroom and the teacher shows up as either an avatar or real video that's live or recorded.
学生们以虚拟形象出现在虚拟教室中，而老师则通过实时的虚拟形象或录制的真实视频现身。

This still gets the feeling of being a community. Our sound is positional. So if that person spoke and they were to my left, I knew to look to the left and I would see them.
这依然能感受到社区的归属感，我们的声音具有定位性。如果说话人在我左边， 我就知道要看向左边，然后就能看到他们。

Improvements in VR hardware allow headsets and handheld controllers to track head and hand movements through cameras and sensors.
虚拟现实硬件的改进使得耳机和手持控制器能够通过摄像头和传感器追踪头部和手部的动作。

When participants move their hands in the real world, your avatar's hands also move.
当参与者在现实世界中移动手时，虚拟形象的手也会跟着移动。

The technology has allowed a growing number of companies such as Pagoni VR to create a virtual reality meeting space for users.
这项技术让越来越多的公司，比如帕戈尼虚拟现实公司，能够为用户打造虚拟现实会议空间。

With increased demand, the biggest challenge is getting VR headsets during the pandemic shutdowns.
随着需求增加，最大的挑战是在疫情封锁期间获取虚拟现实耳机。

Harder availability, a lot of it is where the hardware, is manufacturers, so a point being made that a lot of this is coming from China.
获取难度更大，很多问题出在硬件制造商方面，所以有人指出很多硬件都来自中国。

As factories start making headsets again, anyone thinking of trying a VR meeting probably shouldn't be immersed for more than an hour at a time in a heavy headset, warns Ottens.
当工厂又开始生产耳机时， 任何想尝试虚拟现实会议的人，每次佩戴沉重的耳机可能不应超过一小时。

Usually the dizziness and headaches would start towards the last five to ten minutes, I could tell, it was right around the time, it was almost like my body's like I'm done.
通常头晕和头痛会在最后五到十分钟开始，我能感觉到，差不多就是那个时候，几乎像是我的身体在说我不行了。

Other applications for a VR meeting include worship services and entertainment.
虚拟现实会议的其他应用还包括宗教仪式和娱乐活动。

Hello everyone, we're excited to see you. The participants do a meet and greet.
大家好，我们很高兴见到你们。参与者见面并打招呼。

Kasmo is a three and a half-year-old golden retriever.
卡斯莫是一只三岁半的金毛猎犬。

Before going into virtual breakout rooms, there, the children read to pal dogs and their owners for 30 minutes, Spending 15 minutes with two different pups.
在进入虚拟分组讨论室之前，孩子们给狗狗及其主人朗读了30分钟的内容，分别与两只不同的小狗互动了15分钟。

So far, 250 kids have signed up for the sessions which keep growing to keep up with the demand.
到目前为止，已有250个孩子报名参加这些课程，而课程数量还在不断增加以满足需求。

I think the program has been popular because it's something that is new and it's exciting it's fun.
我认为这个节目很受欢迎，因为它很新鲜，令人兴奋，很有趣。

And that's also true for six-year-old Lucy who hopes Hami enjoyed today's story.
对于六岁的露西来说也是如此，她希望哈密喜欢今天的故事。

I think he understand it because my book is about animal.
我想他能理解。因为我的书是关于动物的。

Haworth says the program helps kids enhance their reading skills and gain self-confidence.
海沃思说，这个项目帮助孩子们提高阅读技能，并获得自信。

It's awesome to just have an audience that isn't judging. It doesn't care if you mispronounced a word.
有一个不评判的观众真是太棒了，他们不在乎你是否读错了单词。

As words got around about pals in reading program, children from elsewhere in the United States and from Canada began signing up for the sessions.
当人们开始了解这个阅读项目后，来自美国其他地方和加拿大的儿童也开始报名参加这些课程。

This includes eight-year-old Lincoln from Richmond Virginia who is reading The Cat in The Hat to Krusty and the pal volunteer Kerry Scheffers. I love it.
这包括来自弗吉尼亚州里士满的8岁男孩林肯，他正在给克鲁斯蒂和志愿者伙伴凯瑞·谢弗斯读《戴帽子的猫》。我超爱这个故事。

"I know some good games we could play," Said the cat. "I know some new tricks," Said the Cat in the Hat. I like the rhymes. The dogs really mostly pictures and not words.“
我知道一些我们可以玩的好游戏，”猫说道。“我知道一些新把戏，”戴帽子的猫说。 我喜欢这些押韵的句子。那些狗其实主要是图片，没什么文字。

Lincoln's mother says her son perks up when he reads to the dogs.
林肯的母亲说她的儿子在给狗读书时会振作起来

I noticed especially after the first time how happy and confident he seemed to feel.
我注意到，尤其是在第一次阅读之后，他看上去是多么的快乐和自信。

Even after the Washington area's libraries reopened, Haworth plans to continue the virtual program.
即使在华盛顿地区的图书馆重新开放之后， 海沃思计划继续这个虚拟程序。

Will you hold up your book? We expect kids to continue from all over the country, potentially the world.
你能拿着书吗？我们期望来自全国各地，甚至可能是全世界的孩子们继续参与。

And we look forward to one day welcoming dogs from around the country.
我们期待有一天欢迎来自全国各地的狗。