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Lieven Blancke:


https://mastodon-belgium.be/@lieven





asterisk:


https://www.asterisk.org/





Asterisk audio files:


https://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/sounds/





Audio of PSTN call:


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1TR110-1_Kap8.3_Freiton1.ogg
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Obviously, I'll need to introduce why I'm the best person to explain this concept and how I did my research.



After that, I dive into the core of he episode: the research.









The Ultimate Guide To Spotting AI Generated Text That Every Writer Needs To Read.




That title already has two tells:







Title case
: every word capitalised, which conveniently cannot be read out loud





Hyperbole
: a promise of ultimacy, for a ten minute podcast





For most of this episode I am not myself, I am the machine, and every sentence I say is an example of the thing it describes. This page is the key to that part of the show: the tells in the order you hear them, with what they sound like in the recording.



Most names come from


tropes.fyi


, so you can look them up there and get the longer explanation.



As also stated in the podcast: these aren't errors. They are ordinary figures of speech that human writers have used for centuries. The tell is the density.





Part one: Vocabulary








Prestige vocabulary
: words nobody uses out loud. e.g. delve, harness, utilise, robust, foster





Grand nouns for ordinary things
: e.g. tapestry, landscape, realm, ecosystem, paradigm





Magic adverbs
: imply significance, carry no information. e.g. quietly, fundamentally, arguably, remarkably





Avoiding the verb "to be"
: plain "is" swapped for something that sounds busier. e.g. serves as, stands as, represents, marks





Invented concept labels
: an abstract problem noun (trap, creep, paradox, inversion) welded onto a domain word, then used as if it were established. e.g. "the fluency trap", "prestige creep"





Vague attributions
: authority without a name. e.g. "experts agree", "industry reports suggest", "observers have noted"





Appeal to familiarity
: consensus claimed rather than proven. e.g. "a classic", "famously", "as we all know"





Promotional register
: describing turns into selling. e.g. unlocks, seamless, unprecedented







Part two: Sentence shapes








Negative parallelism
: the "it's not X, it's Y" pattern, and the most reported tell of all. e.g. "This isn't a stylistic quirk, it's a structural signature."





Not X. Not Y. Just Z.
: the same move tripled, building tension for a reveal that needed none. e.g. "Not a habit. Not a tic. A tell."





Sets of three
: one tricolon is elegant, three in a row is a stuck needle. e.g. "it arrives in threes, it lands in threes, it exhausts in threes"





Short punchy fragments
: emphasis manufactured by full stops instead of earned by content. e.g. "Short. Parallel. Relentless."





Self-answered questions
: asks what nobody asked, answers it immediately. e.g. "The problem? Nobody asked."





Anaphora
: the same sentence opening until it becomes furniture. e.g. "They open sentences the same way. They open the next one the same way."





Trailing "-ing" analysis
: shallow significance bolted onto a finished sentence. e.g. "highlighting its enduring importance", "reflecting broader trends"





False ranges
: "from X to Y" where there is no scale and no middle. e.g. "from cesspit to citation"





Filler transitions
: connect nothing to nothing. e.g. "it's worth noting", "importantly", "notably"





The interjection reflex
: every sentence broken in half, whatever the punctuation. e.g. em-dash, double hyphen, comma pair, colon





Comma-clipped tail
: a short phrase hung off a comma instead of landing the point. e.g. "above the content, and save."







Part three: Tone








Manufactured suspense
: the buildup arrives, the revelation does not. e.g. "here's the thing", "here's the kicker"





Patronising analogy
: teacher mode, uninvited. e.g. "think of it as a Swiss Army knife for condescension"





Forced figurative language
: a metaphor picked for cleverness rather than clarity. e.g. "Picture a bicycle. Now picture that the bicycle is prose."





Stakes inflation
: everything is historic. e.g. "a pivotal moment in the evolution of reading itself"





False vulnerability
: honesty performed, never risked. e.g. "let me be honest with you here. Genuinely honest."





Assertion in place of evidence
: e.g. "history is unambiguous on this point", "the evidence is clear"





"Imagine a world where..."
: the futurism sales pitch, pleasant outcomes if you accept the premise. e.g. "imagine a world where every paragraph carries a quiet intelligence"





Quotable one-liners
: slide bait that survives being pulled out of context because it never had any. e.g. "Every bite is a chance to be here, now, fully."





The collaborative "we"
: one author, plural pronoun. e.g. "we will unpack each one in turn"





Sycophancy
: not a figure of speech but a training artefact, and the fastest way to spot raw chatbot output. e.g. "What a genuinely profound question."







Part four: Formatting








Title case headings
: see the top of this page





Bullet lists where prose would do
: the document turns into a slide deck. e.g. this page, from here to the bottom





Bold-first bullets
: every item opens with a bolded keyword and a colon. e.g. yes, also this page, I know





Emoji as punctuation
: rocket for aspiration, key for insight, sparkles because the paragraph ended





Em-dashes
: mid-sentence, twice, sometimes three times, where a comma would have done the job





The find and replace tell
: double hyphens everywhere, because someone removed the character and kept the habit





Unicode decoration
: arrows and curly quotes nobody typed on a keyboard. e.g. Input → Processing → Output





One thought per line
: paragraphs abolished. e.g. "It happened. Alone. On a Tuesday."







Part five: Composition








Announce then answer
: says what the text is about to do instead of doing it. e.g. "This guide will explore what those signs look like."





Rapid-fire historical analogies
: authority borrowed from a list, with no argument underneath. e.g. "Marconi. Sony. Apple. Print, radio, web, mobile."





The metaphor that will not end
: e.g. the garden that stays a garden for six sentences, then becomes a north star that moves the needle





Self-echo
: a word from earlier returning as if it were being paid off, when it is the same narrow vocabulary surfacing again





One point diluted
: the same idea in five coats, sounding like progress. e.g. "put differently", "to rephrase", "in other words"





Fractal summaries
: every section summarises itself, including the one you are inside. e.g. "In this section we explored composition."





The tie-back
: closes by looping the answer back to the original question, long after the point was made. e.g. "So, to answer your question..."





Concede and dismiss
: e.g. "despite its fluency, it faces challenges typical of automated systems. Despite those challenges, it endures."





Signposted conclusion
: competent writing does not need to announce that it is ending. e.g. "in conclusion", "to sum up", "in summary"





The conclusion that refuses to end
: clause stacked on clause, quieter and more meaningful each time. e.g. "the real AI generated text was the paragraphs we scrolled past along the way"





Engagement bait
: e.g. "Agree?" plus a pointing emoji







Tells on the list that did not fit in the episode




The recording would have run to forty minutes. These are worth knowing anyway.







Reasoning leak
: the text narrating its own decisions instead of just making them. e.g. "I want to be exact about my own role here."





Premise stacking
: a paragraph of evidence in front of the point, so the point has been made twice before it arrives





Compulsive counting
: states the number of items before listing them. e.g. "Five things we wish to discuss"





Excessive enumeration
: a listicle disguised as prose. e.g. "The first wall is... The second wall is..."





Belaboring the unnecessary
: defending a minor point against an objection nobody was going to raise





Synonym cycling
: refusing to repeat a noun. e.g. the dashboard, then the interface, then the portal, then the analytics hub





Wh-headings
: the default shape a model reaches for when naming a section. e.g. "What this means", "Why it matters"





Content duplication
: the same paragraph appearing twice, because the model lost track of what it had written







Why this is not a detector guide




Liang, Yuksekgonul, Mao, Wu and Zou, Stanford, published in Patterns (Cell Press) on 10 July 2023. Seven commercial GPT detectors were run over 91 TOEFL essays written by non-native English speakers and 88 US eighth grade essays.





Average false positive rate on the TOEFL essays: 61.3 percent.



89 of the 91 essays were flagged as AI generated by at least one detector. All seven agreed on 18 of them.



The US eighth grade essays came back near perfect. Plainer word choice, lower perplexity, reads as machine to the software.



Feeding the TOEFL essays through ChatGPT with the prompt "enhance the word choices to sound more like that of a native speaker" dropped the false positive rate to 11.6 percent.





So the way to stop being accused of writing like a machine was to have a machine rewrite you. Do not take my word for it, the paper is open access:









https://www.cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(23)00130-7






Preprint:


https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02819










The pointers, for real






Write with things in it: names, dates, prices, the model number of the drive that died.



Say something a machine has no way to know, because it happened to you.



Be willing to be wrong out loud.



Keep one weird sentence that your editor would cut.







Links and references






The list this episode leaned on:


tropes.fyi


, by


ossama.is






The detector study: Liang et al., "GPT detectors are biased against non-native English writers", Patterns, 2023



"Not an Addict", K's Choice, 1995. It's not a habit, it's cool, I feel alive.



"Friends, Romans, countrymen" and "I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him": Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, act 3 scene 2



"Veni, vidi, vici", attributed to Julius Caesar by Suetonius and Plutarch







Over to you




There is a comment section under this episode. Tell me which tell I missed, and which one you are guilty of. Better yet, record it. Read your worst, most machine sounding paragraph out loud and post it to Hacker Public Radio. The queue is always hungry.

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New hosts
Welcome to our new hosts:
Kristoff
number9

Last Month's Shows
Id Day Date Title Host 4696 Mon 2026-08-03 HPR Community News for July 2026 HPR Volunteers 4697 Tue 2026-08-04 Correcting the Dates of Files Vance 4698 Wed 2026-08-05 ID3 Tags and Vorbis Comments Whiskeyjack 4699 Thu 2026-08-06 Sunshine, Moonlight, Playnite !? operat0r 4700 Fri 2026-08-07 Robert A. Heinlein: The Juveniles Ahuka 4701 Mon 2026-08-10 Elsbeth muses with Lee on her experiences and opinions on AI Elsbeth 4702 Tue 2026-08-11 MakeACopy is an open-source document scanner app for Android Ken Fallon 4703 Wed 2026-08-12 Ebooks and Audiobooks Ahuka 4704 Thu 2026-08-13 HPR Beer Garden 17 - Double DDH IPAs Kevie 4705 Fri 2026-08-14 Free Software Is Wasted On You Teens Trollercoaster 4706 Mon 2026-08-17 Quirks and Customisations Lee 4707 Tue 2026-08-18 UNIX Curio #12 - expr Vance 4708 Wed 2026-08-19 Programmable Logic Controls - Episode 1 Whiskeyjack 4709 Thu 2026-08-20 Peertube: my two penneth Kevie 4710 Fri 2026-08-21 Civilization VI Ahuka 4711 Mon 2026-08-24 Second-Hand Phone TrumpetJohn 4712 Tue 2026-08-25 friedcamp interviews part 1: Wim van Gool Kristoff 4713 Wed 2026-08-26 July2026 Community News response, and Future Plans TheDUDE 4714 Thu 2026-08-27 HPR Beer Garden 18 - Amber Ale Kevie 4715 Fri 2026-08-28 friedcamp interviews part 2: Thomas Farstrike Kristoff 4716 Mon 2026-08-31 PocketMod TrumpetJohn Comments this month
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hpr3708 (2022-10-19) "Insomnia as a Hobby" by TrumpetJohn.

Robert St.Preux said: "Insomnia as a hobby" (2026-08-30 00:56:59)

hpr3766 (2023-01-09) "ACER Nitro 5 laptop review" by Bookewyrmm.

wevaba6950 said: "A refreshing contrast between enterprise gear and low-power hardware" (2026-08-10 09:19:47)

candycanearter07 said: "re: a refreshing contrast..." (2026-08-12 02:54:05)

hpr4581 (2026-02-23) "Sharp Intake of Breath City (A.K.A.) How I learnt to stop worrying about the fork bomb" by not_toby.

Windigo said: "Fantastic episode" (2026-08-08 16:51:00)

hpr4655 (2026-06-05) "Tips for Glasses" by norrist.

Archer72 said: "Glasses and age" (2026-08-06 11:41:39)

hpr4676 (2026-07-06) "HPR Community News for June 2026" by HPR Volunteers.

Archer72 said: "hpr4657 :: UNIX Curio #8" (2026-08-02 19:29:26)

hpr4677 (2026-07-07) "UNIX Curio #10 - Checksums and Hashes" by Vance.

Whiskeyjack said: "Checksums and HPR4677" (2026-07-31 00:37:40)

hpr4678 (2026-07-08) "High Resolution Elapsed Time in Shell Scripts" by Whiskeyjack.

Archer72 said: "Reply to Whiskeyjack and candycanearter07 " (2026-08-03 10:12:47)

hpr4692 (2026-07-28) "Noise Music Tutorial 2: Using Audacity to Make Noise" by TheDUDE.

Windigo said: "Audacity for noise music" (2026-08-06 16:09:59)

candycanearter07 said: "re: Audacity for noise music" (2026-08-12 18:55:18)

This month's shows
hpr4696 (2026-08-03) "HPR Community News for July 2026" by HPR Volunteers.

Archer72 said: "Amateur Radio Field Days" (2026-08-02 11:50:11)

Archer72 said: "hpr4673 First contact" (2026-08-03 10:16:09)

candycanearter07 said: "re: mic issues" (2026-08-03 22:21:42)

Th3Dud3 said: "response to Kevin not being able to get cream ale" (2026-08-06 00:12:38)

hpr4697 (2026-08-04) "Correcting the Dates of Files" by Vance.

Jim DeVore said: "Useful episode!" (2026-08-04 10:53:12)

Vance said: "Modifying metadata" (2026-08-07 01:44:51)

Henrik Hemrin said: "Exif in digiKam" (2026-08-08 19:20:13)

candycanearter07 said: "useful!" (2026-08-10 16:08:18)

hpr4698 (2026-08-05) "ID3 Tags and Vorbis Comments" by Whiskeyjack.

xmanmonk said: "Great episode!" (2026-08-05 15:19:01)

candycanearter07 said: "quirks in hpr" (2026-08-05 15:52:18)

Whiskeyjack said: "Reply to xmanmonk in HPR4698 - ID3 Tags" (2026-08-06 00:12:26)

Whiskeyjack said: "Reply to candycanearter07 in HPR4698 ID3 tags" (2026-08-06 00:28:48)

hpr4703 (2026-08-12) "Ebooks and Audiobooks" by Ahuka.

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Archer72 said: "Audiobooks and Audible" (2026-08-12 09:06:40)

Jack said: "Misleading" (2026-08-12 17:05:21)

hpr4705 (2026-08-14) "Free Software Is Wasted On You Teens" by Trollercoaster.

Archer72 said: "Brilliant! " (2026-08-03 14:08:08)

Trollercoaster said: "One left in my six pack" (2026-08-14 07:53:38)

old guy said: ":-)" (2026-08-14 09:24:15)

Trollercoaster said: "old guys together" (2026-08-14 13:14:48)

candycanearter07 said: "good satire again" (2026-08-14 21:42:55)

Trollercoaster said: "Who's talking about satire?" (2026-08-15 07:54:33)

Trollercoaster (our of character) said: "Woopsie" (2026-08-16 19:25:41)

hpr4706 (2026-08-17) "Quirks and Customisations" by Lee.

candycanearter07 said: "cool ep!" (2026-08-30 20:15:40)

hpr4707 (2026-08-18) "UNIX Curio #12 - expr" by Vance.

xmanmonk said: "Another great show" (2026-08-18 22:22:56)

Whiskeyjack said: "HPR4707 Unix curio - dc" (2026-08-19 14:31:02)

Vance said: "dc" (2026-08-20 04:47:32)

Whiskeyjack said: "HPR4707 Unix curio - Stack Machines" (2026-08-21 16:00:48)

Trollercoaster said: "Suggestion for Linux Curio" (2026-08-27 10:42:43)

Whiskeyjack said: "Obscure X Window programs" (2026-08-27 16:16:15)

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Vance said: "Thanks for the ideas" (2026-08-28 16:39:28)

Whiskeyjack said: "Reply to Vance on episode research" (2026-08-30 04:14:01)

candycanearter07 said: "re: re: Suggestion for Linux Curio" (2026-08-30 12:06:31)

hpr4708 (2026-08-19) "Programmable Logic Controls - Episode 1" by Whiskeyjack.

Archer72 said: "Thanks you" (2026-08-08 10:49:34)

Whiskeyjack said: "Reply to Archer72 on HPR4708 - PLCs Episode 1" (2026-08-08 17:11:10)

Trey said: "Memories of Ladder Logic" (2026-08-19 13:01:41)

Whiskeyjack said: "Reply to Trey on HPR4708 - PLCs Episode 1" (2026-08-20 02:02:44)

Trey said: "Cyber in ICS" (2026-09-02 22:31:51)

Whiskeyjack said: "Reply to Trey on Cyber in ICS" (2026-09-03 15:24:51)

hpr4709 (2026-08-20) "Peertube: my two penneth" by Kevie.

xmanmonk said: "Thanks for the episode" (2026-08-20 19:15:57)

hpr4711 (2026-08-24) "Second-Hand Phone" by TrumpetJohn.

candycanearter07 said: "interesting!" (2026-08-24 19:17:44)

Whiskeyjack said: "HPR4711 - TCL Flip phone" (2026-08-24 22:22:11)

hpr4712 (2026-08-25) "friedcamp interviews part 1: Wim van Gool" by Kristoff.

Archer72 said: "Interview" (2026-08-26 23:11:49)

Laindir said: "Fascinating interview!" (2026-08-26 23:18:33)

hpr4716 (2026-08-31) "PocketMod" by TrumpetJohn.

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Heinlein published his first novel in 1948, and within a decade had published some major works. What distinguishes these early novels from his later ones is that he has not pushed the boundary of what he can write about to the degree he does in the 1960s and later. But there are fine novels in this period.

Heinlein’s Earlier Novels

During the 1950s Heinlein was busy with his Juvenile series, but also found time to write some adult novels, and some of them are very good. A few of them were expansions of earlier, shorter works that he turned into full novels.

Beyond This Horizon (1948) – This is Heinlein’s first novel after the lackluster For Us The Living (which never was published during his lifetime; Heinlein knew it was sub-par). It is set in a future society that is practicing a form of eugenics, with a breeding program designed to produce the perfect human by selecting for health, longevity, and intelligence. The protagonist, Hamilton Felix, is not the one, but he is near to the end. And this society has also made it a point to keep a certain number of people who are not part of the breeding program, as a form control for the experiment. Hamilton Felix is in fact the penultimate step in this program, but has so far shown no interest in marriage or procreation. But in the course of the novel he is persuaded. His children are shown to be the end point of the program at the end of the novel. A sub-plot involves his friend Mordan Claude (in this book everyone puts their family name first) who falls for a woman he meets. When she sneezes, he begins to suspect she is one of the “control naturals”. They are protected, but clearly this is a class society, which is to be expected in any society that practices eugenics, and should be off-limits for Claude. But love conquers all, and then he discovers that she is not a control natural after all, which to my mind is a somewhat weaker outcome.

Another aspect of this society is that most people are armed, and dueling is common. This is explained as “An armed society is a polite society,” since if you offended someone you could find yourself in a duel very quickly. A lot of gun enthusiasts have picked up on this and repeated it as if it was revealed truth, but even a cursory examination of societies with a lot of guns shows it to be false.

Sixth Column (1949) – This novel was originally a serial written in 1941, when the Sino-Japanese war was in full swing, and this motivates some of the ideas in this book. The setting is a United States that has been conquered by the Pan-Asian Federation. This Federation had previously absorbed the Soviet Union and India, and is portrayed in very much Yellow Peril manner. John W. Campbell had a lot to do with this, and it makes the novel something that you can skip without losing much. The Pan-Asians regard the Americans as slaves. And their policy towards their slaves is “Three things only do slaves require: work, food, and their religion.” In an American military outpost hidden in the mountains of Colorado a miracle weapon is found that can kill, and it can somehow be tuned to only affect the Asians and not the Americans. Since the Pan-Asians have allowed religion (better to pacify the slaves), the Americans create a religion and use that to infiltrate the Pan-Asian facilities. Heinlein himself had a low opinion of this novel, and deservedly so.

The Puppet Masters (1951) – This novel is a product of the paranoia of the times regarding Communists. But this novel is more of an allegory than a direct anti-Communist screed. It is fundamentally about “the enemy within”, in the form of alien parasites called slugs that can take over a human by controlling the nervous system, making the human a powerless slave to the alien. And they are attempting to conquer the world, though all of the action we see takes place in the United States. This is essentially The Body Snatchers plot, and has been done many times. But both this novel and the previous Sixth Column reflect the feeling of paranoia prevalent in society when people thought there were communists under every bed looking to corrupt the youth and subvert The American Way of Life. And it is notable that the organization that leads the fight against the slugs is a top secret outfit established without the knowledge of Congress and responsible only to the President.

Double Star (1956) – This is when Heinlein as a novelist starts to really click, and it was shown by his winning his first Hugo for best novel. The plot is somewhat reminiscent of Prisoner of Zenda. In a future solar system, Earth, Venus, Mars, and the Jovian satellites are united under a parliamentary democracy, which is in turn under a constitutional monarchy. Think of it as similar to the UK, only in this case it is the House of Orange that are the monarchs. A politician named John Joseph Bonforte is the leader of the Expansionist coalition, and one of the most prominent politicians in the solar system. And he has been kidnapped sat a crucial time. His staff find an actor, stage name The Great Lorenzo, who is similar enough physically to impersonate Bonforte, while they try to get the real Bonforte back. They do succeed, but he has been very badly treated by the kidnappers, so the actor has to continue for the election campaign. And he wins the election, but the real Bonforte dies. The actor then continues to impersonate him to the point of really becoming him.

The two things that make this novel so interesting are first, the focus on acting as seen through the eyes of Lorenzo; and second, the focus on the machinery of politics. And this draws upon Heinlein’s own experience in electoral politics. Though he was not successful in getting elected, he clearly had absorbed a lot about the how-to of the process. And he did write a non-fiction book called Take Back Your Government (1992), which was published posthumously. It was subtitled A Practical Handbook for the Private Citizen Who Wants Democracy to Work, and was originally written in 1946. It was based on his experience with EPIC and in trying to get Upton Sinclair elected Governor of California in 1934.

The Door Into Summer (1957) – This is another good novel, which features several themes that would reappear through Heinlein’s work. The first is that Heinlein was a very confirmed cat lover. The title comes from a cat who went from door to door in the middle of winter, trying to find the door into summer. Second, the protagonist is an engineer, which is of course Heinlein’s background. The third is the time travel element. People can travel into the future through a type of suspended animation called Cold Sleep. But for the purposes of the plot a scientist has invented a time travel device that sort of works. It sent a grad student named Leonard Vincent a few centuries back in to Italy where he became Leonardo da Vinci. But it sends our hero, Daniel Boone Davis, back exactly where he wanted to go. We see a few things in this novel that are of interest. First, the cat, Pete, has the full name of “Petronius the Arbiter”, who was the author of the Satyricon, so Heinlein’s interest in sex is starting to make an oblique appearance. Second, when Dan goes back in time, he lands in the middle of a nudist camp, and that is also something Heinlein was very interested in.

The plot can be summarized as Dan gets robbed of his inventions by his business partner and his secretary/fianceé, gets put into Cold Sleep, then goes back in time to just before he got robbed and fixes things to his satisfaction, then takes the Cold Sleep again to finish his plans. It is a pretty good yarn.

Methusaleh’s Children (1958) – This was originally a novella written in 1941, then expanded into a novel. It is part of the Future history. It introduces Lazarus Long, who would go on to be Heinlein’s alter ego through many of his future books, and thus implicitly makes those books part of the Future History, though most scholars will dispute this. What cannot be disputed is that this novel is a cornerstone for where Heinlein would go in many of his future stories.

The story begins with a successful businessman named Ira Howard who dies of old age at around the age of 49 in the 19th century. In his will he leaves his estate to trustees with the mandate to find a way to extend human life span. The best they can come up with is to encourage (financially) people who had long-lived grandparents to marry each other and have children. They carry this on and by the 22nd century the Howard Families, as they call themselves, have an average life span of 150 years. But they have to hide this form the rest of society, and arrange from time to time to “die” and then become someone else. This masquerade helped them survive the years of Nehemiah Scudder and his successors, but a few of them reveal themselves during the Covenant government. This has a bad result because people want the secret that they assume the Howard families are hiding, and they might be willing to kill to get the secret. So the Howard families steal a starship and make their escape. One of the people onboard is Andrew Jackson “Slipstick” Libby, who we first met in the short story Misfit, and he manages to come up with a Faster-Than-Light drive. They finally decide to go back to Earth, where they discover that scientists have found ways to prolong human life and they are no longer enemies, in fact they are welcomed for bringing the FTL drive.

This is definitely a must-read novel for anyone who wants to get into the Heinlein universe. So many other works are based on it.

Links

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_This_Horizon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Column

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Puppet_Masters

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Star

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Back_Your_Government

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Door_into_Summer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah%27s_Children

https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinleins-earlier-novels/

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Outline of this radio program:





Short history of multimeters



Differences between VTVM, VOM, DMM



Why you may need a VTVM



Analog vs Digital



Current manufacturers



Why you may want to use an analog meter



Safety and CAT



Probes



Functions of the modern DMM and notes



Wrap up







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