The Root Cause Medicine Podcast

This episode explores one of the most significant developments in women's health in recent years: the proposed transition from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) to Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS). (Teede 2026) Dr. Jessica Christie and Dr. Camille Krause discuss why experts believe the traditional name no longer reflects the full complexity of the condition and how the PMOS framework better captures its endocrine, metabolic, reproductive, inflammatory, and neuroendocrine dimensions. (Teede 2026) Clinicians will learn why insulin resistance, androgen excess (Houston 2025), stress physiology, sleep, inflammation, and cardiometabolic health (Wekker 2020) are central to understanding PMOS, and how a systems-based approach can improve earlier identification, assessment, and treatment. (Teede 2026)

Clinical Takeaways from This Episode

PMOS reflects a multisystem condition: The proposed name change recognizes that the condition extends beyond ovarian function and includes endocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, and neuroendocrine dysfunction. (Teede 2026)
Insulin resistance is a major physiologic driver: Hyperinsulinemia may contribute to increased ovarian androgen production, ovulatory dysfunction, and metabolic symptoms, often before glucose markers become abnormal. (Houston 2025)
PMOS is not defined by ovarian cysts: Many individuals diagnosed with PCOS do not demonstrate polycystic ovarian morphology, and the follicles observed are not true ovarian cysts. (Houston 2025) (Teede 2026)
Early metabolic screening matters: Fasting insulin, glucose regulation, lipid markers, liver function, and cardiometabolic risk factors may shift years before overt disease develops. (Houston 2025) (Teede 2026)
Clinical presentations vary widely: Symptoms may include irregular cycles, infertility, acne, hirsutism, hair thinning, fatigue, mood changes, sleep disruption, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver patterns. (Manzano-Nunez 2023) Lean PMOS can occur and is often overlooked. (Zheng 2025)
Treatment requires a whole-person approach: Nutrition, movement, sleep, stress regulation, inflammation management, and metabolic support should be considered alongside conventional treatment options. (Teede 2023)

Guest Introduction

Dr. Camille Krause is a Naturopathic Doctor with a clinical focus on fertility, women’s hormones, and nutrition. She works collaboratively with fertility physicians to provide evidence-based, complementary care, using specialized testing, nutrition, botanical medicine, lifestyle interventions, and acupuncture to support reproductive health. Dr. Krause is a member of the Canadian and Ontario Associations of Naturopathic Doctors. She holds an Honours Bachelor of Science from the University of Toronto and completed her naturopathic training at the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine.
Website: https://www.conceivehealth.com/staff/camille-krause-naturopathic-doctor/
Instagram: @waterloo_fertility_naturopath

Labs Mentioned

Fasting insulin
Fasting glucose
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
Lipid panel
Liver enzymes
Testosterone
DHEA-S
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
Thyroid markers
Blood pressure
Waist circumference assessment

Lifestyle & Exercise Strategies Mentioned

Blood sugar stabilization
Higher protein intake
Increased dietary fiber intake
Resistance training
Regular movement and exercise
Sleep optimization
Circadian rhythm support
Nervous system regulation
Stress management
Inflammation reduction strategies
Nutrient sufficiency
Recovery optimization

Clinician FAQ

1. Why is PCOS being renamed PMOS?
The proposed term Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome better reflects the endocrine, metabolic, reproductive, and inflammatory aspects of the condition rather than focusing primarily on ovarian findings. (Teede 2023)

2. Are ovarian cysts required for diagnosis?
No. Many individuals diagnosed with PCOS do not have polycystic ovarian morphology. The follicles seen on imaging are generally immature follicles associated with disrupted ovulation rather than true ovarian cysts. (Teede 2026) (Houston 2025)

3. Why is fasting insulin clinically important in PMOS?
Elevated insulin levels may occur years before fasting glucose or HbA1c become abnormal and can contribute directly to ovarian androgen production and ovulatory dysfunction. (Houston 2025)

4. What systems are involved in PMOS?
PMOS may involve insulin signaling, androgen regulation, neuroendocrine function, inflammatory pathways, reproductive physiology, sleep, circadian rhythms, and cardiometabolic health. (Teede 2026) (Wekker 2020)

5. Can patients have PMOS without obesity?
Yes. Lean PMOS exists and may be underrecognized. Patients can experience reproductive, metabolic, and hormonal symptoms across a wide range of body compositions. (Zheng 2025)

6. What are the current diagnostic criteria?
Current criteria include combinations of:
Ovulatory dysfunction or irregular cycles
Clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism
Polycystic ovarian morphology or elevated AMH in adults
Adolescents generally require the first two criteria rather than ovarian imaging findings. (Teede 2023)

7. Why is diagnosis often delayed?
Presentations vary substantially, and many patients do not fit traditional stereotypes. Symptoms may emerge years before fertility concerns arise, contributing to missed or delayed diagnosis. (Gibson-Helm 2017)
8. What is the role of lifestyle medicine in PMOS?
Lifestyle interventions targeting blood sugar regulation, nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress physiology, and inflammation are foundational components of a whole-person treatment strategy. (Teede 2023)

Conversation Topics
The decade-long effort behind the name change
Why the old terminology was biologically inaccurate
Understanding PMOS as a multisystem condition
Insulin resistance and androgen excess
The role of inflammation, sleep, and stress physiology
Lean PMOS and underrecognized presentations
Current diagnostic criteria and clinical considerations
Root-cause laboratory assessment strategies
Whole-person treatment approaches for PMOS
Why lifestyle medicine remains foundational
The future of women's endocrine and metabolic care

Timestamps

00:00 - Why the shift from PCOS to PMOS matters
02:10 - How language shapes diagnosis and care
03:29 - Why the old terminology missed the bigger picture
05:18 - The root physiology of PMOS
07:47 - How PMOS can present beyond the stereotypical picture
09:33 - Why diagnosis requires a deeper clinical lens
11:23 - A whole-person approach to PMOS care
12:25 - Why this shift is so meaningful for patients and practitioners

Want to elevate your practice? This episode is sponsored by Fullscript, a comprehensive care delivery platform designed to support whole-person, integrative healthcare. Fullscript allows clinicians to streamline supplement dispensing, lab ordering, and patient education in one free, centralized system—helping reduce administrative burden while supporting clinical decision-making. For practitioners, Fullscript offers access to professional-grade supplements, evidence-informed protocols, and lab integrations that can support more efficient planning and follow-up. For patients, it provides a clear, organized way to receive recommendations, manage refills, and stay engaged in their care. The goal is not to replace clinical judgment, but to make it easier for clinicians to focus on what matters most: thoughtful, individualized patient care.

Disclaimer

The views expressed on this podcast are those of the hosts and guests and don’t necessarily reflect those of Fullscript or any affiliated organizations. This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only and is not intended to be medical advice. For your safety, always check with your doctor or healthcare provider before making changes to your health routine.

References

Gibson-Helm, M., Teede, H., Dunaif, A., & Dokras, A. (2017). Delayed diagnosis and a lack of information associated with dissatisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 102(2), 604–612. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2963
Houston, E. J., & Templeman, N. M. (2025). Reappraising the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in PCOS. Journal of Endocrinology, 265(2), e240269.
Manzano-Nunez, R., Santana-Dominguez, M., Rivera-Esteban, J., Sabiote, C., Sena, E., Bañares, J., Tacke, F., & Pericàs, J. M. (2023). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(3), 856. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030856
Teede, H. J., Tay, C. T., Laven, J. J. E., Dokras, A., Moran, L. J., Piltonen, T. T., Costello, M. F., Boivin, J., Redman, L. M., Boyle, J. A., Norman, R. J., Mousa, A., & Joham, A. E. (2023). Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 108(10), 2447–2469. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad463
Teede, H. J., Khomami, M. B., Morman, R., Laven, J. S. E., Joham, A. E., Costello, M. F., Patil, M., Rees, D. A., Berry, L., Cree, M. G., Zhao, H., Norman, R. J., Dokras, A., & Piltonen, T. (2026). Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, the new name for polycystic ovary syndrome: A multistep global consensus process. The Lancet. Advance online publication.
Wekker, V., van Dammen, L., Koning, A., Heida, K. Y., Painter, R. C., Limpens, J., & Hoek, A. (2020). Long-term cardiometabolic disease risk in women with PCOS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update, 26(6), 942–960.
Zheng, C., Lin, Y., Zhang, Z., Ye, J., Lin, Y., & Tian, J. (2025). Analyzing and evaluating the metabolic and endocrine characteristics between lean and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 16, 1680685.

Adult Acne in Perimenopause: Hormones, Diet, Supplements, and Root Causes With Dr. Mamina Turegano
Adult acne can be especially frustrating when it appears after years—or even decades—of relatively clear skin. In this bonus episode, Dr. Kate Kresge sits down with dermatologist Dr. Mamina Turegano to explore why acne often emerges or worsens during perimenopause and what may be driving those changes beneath the surface.
Dr. Turegano explains how shifting hormone patterns, particularly changes in the balance between estrogen and androgens, may contribute to breakouts during midlife. She also discusses the potential roles of stress, diet, skincare habits, environmental exposures, and select supplements in acne management.
The conversation offers a practical, evidence-informed look at adult female acne, emphasizing individualized treatment approaches that support both skin health and overall wellbeing.

Why This Matters
Many women are surprised when acne appears in their 30s, 40s, or 50s. Adult female acne is increasingly common and often requires a different treatment approach than adolescent acne. Understanding the hormonal, metabolic, and lifestyle factors that may contribute to breakouts can help patients make more informed decisions about treatment and self-care.

Key Clinical Takeaways

Perimenopause may contribute to acne flares
Hormonal changes during the menopausal transition may alter the balance between estrogen and androgen activity, contributing to increased sebum production and acne in susceptible individuals. (Bagatin 2019) (Alexandre 2024)

Adult skin requires a different acne strategy
Compared to adolescent acne, adult female acne often occurs in skin that is more prone to dryness, irritation, and barrier dysfunction, making gentle treatment approaches especially important. (Dréno 2013)

Topical therapies remain foundational
Evidence-based acne management continues to rely heavily on topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and other targeted therapies such as azelaic acid. (Reynolds 2024)

Diet may influence acne severity
Research suggests that higher-glycemic dietary patterns may contribute to acne severity, while evidence regarding dairy intake remains mixed and population dependent. (Meixiong 2022)

Supplements should be personalized
Some nutraceuticals—including zinc, probiotics, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and pantothenic acid—have been studied for acne support, but evidence varies considerably by ingredient and study quality. (Shields 2023)

Vitamin B12 may be a trigger in some individuals
Although uncommon, acneiform eruptions associated with vitamin B12 supplementation have been reported in the medical literature. (Bowden 2023)

Topics Covered
Why adult acne is becoming more common
Acne during perimenopause and menopause
Hormonal changes and androgen activity
Stress and skin health
Environmental and lifestyle contributors
Retinoids, azelaic acid, sulfur, and benzoyl peroxide
When systemic therapies may be appropriate
Diet, blood sugar regulation, and dairy
Supplements commonly discussed for acne support
Biotin, vitamin B12, and acne concerns
Practical skincare strategies for adult women

Guest Bio
Dr. Mamina Turegano is a board-certified dermatologist with expertise in medical, surgical, and cosmetic dermatology. She is known for translating complex skin science into practical, patient-centered guidance and frequently speaks about acne, skin aging, hormone-related skin concerns, and integrative approaches to dermatologic care.

Timestamps
00:00 Introduction
02:04 Why adult acne develops during perimenopause
04:01 Adult acne versus teenage acne
05:00 Topical treatment approaches
07:22 Supplements and acne support
09:47 Biotin, vitamin B12, and breakouts
14:32 Acne in men versus women
15:35 Diet, dairy, fiber, and blood sugar
17:04 Final thoughts and resources

Sponsor Copy
Practitioners, what if your supplement dispensing, patient education, and treatment planning all lived in one powerful platform built for whole person care? Meet Fullscript—the comprehensive care delivery platform designed to reduce administrative burden and enhance clinical impact. From automated refills and lab ordering to evidence-based protocols and adherence support, Fullscript helps streamline care while keeping the focus where it belongs: on patients. In a recent survey, 74% of providers reported saving up to three hours per week using Fullscript to create treatment plans. Visit fullscript.com to learn more.

References
Alexandre, M., Saint Aroman, M., Mengeaud, V., Carballido, F., Doat, G., Coutinho, A., & Bagatin, E. (2024). Unveiling the nuances of adult female acne: A comprehensive exploration of epidemiology, treatment modalities, dermocosmetics, and the menopausal influence. International Journal of Women’s Health, 16, 663–678. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S431523
Bagatin, E., de Freitas, T. H. P., Rivitti-Machado, M. C., Ribeiro, B. M., Nunes, S., & da Rocha, M. A. D. (2019). Adult female acne: A guide to clinical practice. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 94(1), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198203
Bowden, A., Ekeh, O., Brownstone, N. D., & Hsu, S. (2023). Acneiform eruption secondary to over-the-counter vitamin B12. Cureus, 15(8), Article e43275. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43275
Dréno, B., Layton, A., Zouboulis, C. C., López-Estebaranz, J. L., Zalewska-Janowska, A., Bagatin, E., Zampeli, V. A., Yutskovskaya, Y., & Harper, J. C. (2013). Adult female acne: A new paradigm. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 27(9), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12061
Meixiong, J., Ricco, C., Vasavda, C., & Ho, B. K. (2022). Diet and acne: A systematic review. JAAD International, 7, 95–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdin.2022.02.012
Reynolds, R. V., Yeung, H., Cheng, C. E., Cook-Bolden, F., Desai, S. R., Druby, K., Freeman, E. E., Keri, J. E., Stein, L. F., Tan, J. K. L., Tollefson, M. M., Weiss, J. S., Wu, P. A., Zaenglein, A. L., Han, J. M., & Barbieri, J. S. (2024). Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 90(5), 1006–1030.e30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.017
Shields, A., Ly, S., Wafae, B., Chang, Y.-F., Manjaly, P., Archila, M., Heinrich, C., Drake, L., Mostaghimi, A., & Barbieri, J. S. (2023). Safety and effectiveness of oral nutraceuticals for treating acne: A systematic review. JAMA Dermatology, 159(12), 1373–1382. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.3949

In this episode, Chris Kresser and Dr. Carrie Jones dive into nutrient deficiency and talk about vital macronutrients and micronutrients, nutrient testing, RDAs, and more.

They dive into:

1. The perfect diet
2. The truth about nutrient testing
3. Why does today's food have fewer nutrients?
4. Unpacking RDAs

Chris Kresser is a globally-renowned expert, clinician, and practitioner of integrative and functional medicine. He is the creator of one of the world’s most respected natural health sites, ChrisKresser.com, and a New York Times bestselling author of The Paleo Cure and Unconventional Medicine.

Chris was named one of the 100 most influential people in health and fitness by Greatist.com and launched the supplement line Adapt Naturals. In 2014, he co-founded California Center for Functional Medicine and, in 2015, founded the Kresser Institute.

Chris continues to tirelessly share evidence-based insights from reputable sources and renowned health practitioners and coaches through various channels such as his blogs, guides, webcasts, interviews, and his podcast, Revolution Health Radio.

In this episode, Brendan Vermeire talks about mental health, from depression, anxiety, and neuroinflammation to dementia and Alzheimer's.

They dive into:

1. Debunking the classic psychiatric narrative

2. Inflammation and mental health symptoms

3. The role of neuroplasticity in mental health

4. How does the microbiome affect mental health?

5. The Mental M.A.P.

Brendan is a mental and metabolic health researcher, functional medicine educator, board-certified holistic practitioner, personal trainer, writer, speaker, and host of The Holistic Savage podcast. He is also the owner and founder of the Metabolic Solutions Institute for Functional Health and Fitness Practitioners and the Metabolic Solutions Research & Education Foundation, a not-for-profit foundation dedicated to "changing the way the world views mental health" through advancing the science of mental health dysfunction.

Hair loss can feel deeply personal, especially when it happens after illness, stress, rapid weight loss, postpartum changes, or a hormonal transition. In this episode, Dr. Mamina Turegano joins Dr. Kate Kresge to unpack the most common patterns of hair shedding and thinning, including telogen effluvium and androgenetic alopecia.

Dr. Turegano explains why hair loss is often multifactorial and why the timing matters: shedding may appear months after a physiologic or emotional stressor. She walks through the root-cause workup she considers in practice, including thyroid function, ferritin, vitamin D, B12, zinc, sex hormones, inflammation, scalp health, and medication history.

The conversation also covers postpartum hair loss, dandruff and scalp inflammation, protein intake, GLP-1-related weight loss, birth control changes, and evidence-informed options such as minoxidil, red light therapy, scalp massage, and PRP. Throughout the episode, Dr. Turegano brings a practical, compassionate approach to helping patients understand what may be driving hair loss and when a dermatology referral matters.

Clinical Takeaways from This Episode
Telogen effluvium timing matters: Diffuse shedding often appears two to four months after a stressor such as illness, surgery, childbirth, hemorrhage, crash dieting, low protein intake, thyroid dysfunction, or medication changes. (Malkud 2015)(Hughes 2024)
Pattern recognition guides the workup: Telogen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, traction alopecia, and scarring alopecias can look different clinically, which is why scalp exam and referral are important when diagnosis is uncertain. (Mubki 2014)
Nutrient status can inform care: Ferritin, vitamin D, B12, zinc, and thyroid markers may help identify contributing factors in selected patients, though deficiencies are not the only explanation for shedding. (Ahmed 2026)(Durusu 2024)
Postpartum shedding is common but still deserves context: Hormonal shifts, delivery-related stress, sleep disruption, breastfeeding, and blood loss may all contribute, and persistent or patterned loss should be evaluated. (Hirose 2023)
Treatment should match the diagnosis: Topical minoxidil, low-level laser therapy, and PRP have evidence for androgenetic alopecia, but protocols, response, safety considerations, and patient context vary. (Adil 2017)(Perez 2024)(Yao 2024)

Guest Bio: Mamina Turegano, MD, is a triple board-certified dermatologist, internist, and dermatopathologist based in New Orleans. She specializes in medical, cosmetic, and integrative dermatology, blending conventional and holistic approaches to skin health. With over 2 million followers across social media, she shares dermatologist-backed skincare and wellness insights with a broad audience. She also co-hosts a podcast, called Skin Deep MDs, has been published in leading medical journals, and frequently contributes her expertise to major press outlets, TV, and beauty publications.

Frequently Asked Questions
What is telogen effluvium?
Telogen effluvium is a form of diffuse, nonscarring hair shedding that often follows a physiologic or emotional stressor. The shedding commonly appears a few months after the trigger rather than immediately. (Malkud 2015)(Hughes 2024)
What labs may be useful for hair shedding?
Depending on the patient’s history and exam, clinicians may consider CBC, ferritin, thyroid markers, vitamin D, B12, zinc, and selected hormone testing. Lab results should be interpreted in context rather than used as a stand-alone explanation. (Malkud 2015)(Durusu 2024)
Can postpartum hair loss be normal?
Postpartum shedding is common and often related to hormonal shifts after delivery, but persistent, severe, patterned, or scarring hair loss should be evaluated. Blood loss, low iron stores, thyroid changes, and sleep disruption may also matter. (Hirose 2023)
Does washing hair make shedding worse?
Not necessarily. Infrequent washing may make shedding look more dramatic because shed hairs accumulate between washes. Scalp inflammation or seborrheic dermatitis may also contribute to ongoing irritation and should be addressed when present.
When should a patient see a dermatologist for hair loss?
Referral is especially important for patchy hair loss, scalp pain, itching, redness, scaling, shiny or scarred areas, rapid progression, frontal hairline recession, or hair loss that does not fit a clear trigger pattern. Scarring alopecias can cause permanent loss if not recognized early. (Mubki 2014)

Timestamps
00:00 — Why hair loss and shedding deserve a root-cause conversation
06:44 — Telogen effluvium vs androgenetic alopecia
10:31 — Ferritin, vitamin D, thyroid, B12, zinc, hormones, and ANA
15:09 — When to refer for scarring alopecia or autoimmune causes
17:54 — Hair washing, dandruff, scalp oil, and local inflammation
24:03 — GLP-1 medications, birth control, beta blockers, statins, and SSRIs
29:18 — Protein, calorie restriction, vegetarian diets, and nutrient status
35:42 — Postpartum shedding, hemorrhage, breastfeeding, and recovery
38:55 — Minoxidil, breastfeeding considerations, red light therapy, and PRP
44:15 — Scalp massage, circulation, and realistic supportive strategies

Want to elevate your practice? This episode is sponsored by Fullscript, a comprehensive care delivery platform designed to support whole-person, integrative healthcare. Fullscript allows clinicians to streamline supplement dispensing, lab ordering, and patient education in one free, centralized system—helping reduce administrative burden while supporting clinical decision-making. For practitioners, Fullscript offers access to professional-grade supplements, evidence-informed protocols, and lab integrations that can support more efficient planning and follow-up. For patients, it provides a clear, organized way to receive recommendations, manage refills, and stay engaged in their care. The goal is not to replace clinical judgment, but to make it easier for clinicians to focus on what matters most: thoughtful, individualized patient care.

Disclaimer: The views expressed on this podcast are those of the hosts and the guests, and they don't necessarily reflect the views of FullScript or any affiliated organizations. This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only, and it's not intended to be medical advice. For your safety, always check with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your healthcare routine.

Citations
Adil A, Godwin M. The effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jul;77(1):136-141.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.054. Epub 2017 Apr 7. PMID: 28396101.
Ahmed A, Alali A, Alahmadi M, Alghamdi S, Khawaji Z, Humedi A, Alqurashi S. Association between Serum Trace Elements and Telogen Effluvium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Skin Appendage Disord. 2026 Mar 18. doi: 10.1159/000550921. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 42077991; PMCID: PMC13134860.
Durusu Turkoglu IN, Turkoglu AK, Soylu S, Gencer G, Duman R. A comprehensive investigation of biochemical status in patients with telogen effluvium: Analysis of Hb, ferritin, vitamin B12, vitamin D, thyroid function tests, zinc, copper, biotin, and selenium levels. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024;23:4277-4284. doi:10.1111/jocd.16512
Hirose A, Terauchi M, Odai T, Fudono A, Tsurane K, Sekiguchi M, Iwata M, Anzai T, Takahashi K, Miyasaka N. Investigation of exacerbating factors for postpartum hair loss: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2023 Jun 16;9(2):e084. doi: 10.1097/JW9.0000000000000084. PMID: 38323220; PMCID: PMC10846762.
Hughes EC, Syed HA, Saleh D. Telogen Effluvium. 2024 May 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. PMID: 28613598.
Malkud S. Telogen Effluvium: A Review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Sep;9(9):WE01-3. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/15219.6492. Epub 2015 Sep 1. PMID: 26500992; PMCID: PMC4606321.
Mubki T, Rudnicka L, Olszewska M, Shapiro J. Evaluation and diagnosis of the hair loss patient: part I. History and clinical examination. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Sep;71(3):415.e1-415.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.04.070. PMID: 25128118.
Perez SM, Vattigunta M, Kelly C, Eber A. Low-Level Laser and LED Therapy in Alopecia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dermatol Surg. 2025 Feb 1;51(2):179-183. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000004442. Epub 2024 Oct 15. PMID: 39404126.
Yao J, Zhu L, Pan M, Shen L, Tang Y, Fan L. The additive value of platelet-rich plasma to topical Minoxidil in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2024 Aug 28;19(8):e0308986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308986. PMID: 39197003; PMCID: PMC11356437.