Bird Flu Tracker Avian Influenza A H5N1

**BIRD FLU UPDATE: GLOBAL OUTBREAK CONTINUES**

Highly pathogenic avian influenza remains a pressing concern across North America and internationally as winter migration patterns fuel ongoing spread.

In the United States, the outbreak that began in early 2022 is now entering its fourth year. According to Texas A&M AgriLife, there have been 71 human cases of avian influenza across the U.S. as of late January, including two deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention continues to emphasize that the health risk to the general public remains low. However, more than 186 million commercial and backyard poultry have been affected since January 2022, driving significant increases in egg and poultry prices at grocery stores nationwide.

Recent detections show the virus spreading across multiple states. Colorado has experienced a new outbreak claiming 1.3 million chickens in Weld County, while Pennsylvania and Colorado are reporting additional cases. Texas has confirmed six positive avian influenza cases since mid-November in wild birds and backyard flocks. New York State continues monitoring the spread through winter months, with 69 suspected mortalities reported in November and December 2025, and presumptive positive cases detected in wild birds across 10 counties.

The virus appears well-established in wild bird populations. Species confirmed as infected in New York include snow geese, Canada geese, swans, bald eagles, and red-tailed hawks. The infection has also jumped to mammals including red foxes, raccoons, and bobcats. Federal testing in U.S. dairy herds revealed the virus was far more widespread than initially detected, though enhanced surveillance mandated in 2024 has improved outbreak monitoring.

Internationally, the situation is severe. Egypt reported 85 million birds infected as of February 4th, marking one of the most devastating outbreaks in recent memory. India faces repeated outbreaks across multiple states including Tamil Nadu, where the sudden death of nearly 1,500 crows has reignited concerns. Luxembourg reported a bird flu case on February 5th at a private bird owner's property in Schengen, reflecting the virus's spread across Europe along migratory bird routes.

The World Health Organization reports that between January 2003 and December 2025, a total of 993 human cases of avian influenza were documented across 25 countries, with nearly 477 deaths, representing a 48 percent fatality rate.

Health officials recommend strict biosecurity measures, including limiting outdoor poultry access and preventing contact between domestic birds and wild waterfowl. Experts expect sporadic cases to continue through spring as migration patterns persist.

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Bird flu, or H5N1 avian influenza, continues its grip on U.S. farms as the outbreak enters its fourth year since February 2022, with over 187 million birds culled nationwide according to USDA data reported by Farm and Dairy. In the past 24 hours, breakthrough research from Washington University School of Medicine announced a promising nasal spray vaccine that showed strong protection against H5N1 in hamsters and mice, outperforming traditional shots by targeting the nose and lungs to block early infection, as detailed in their February 5 study published in Cell Reports Medicine.

Focusing on the U.S., recent outbreaks persist. Colorado state officials confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza at a Weld County commercial egg-laying facility housing over a million chickens, affecting more than 11 million birds total and prompting a disaster declaration last week, per CBS News Colorado. Mississippi reported its first case of 2026 in Amite County backyard poultry, according to the Mississippi Board of Animal Health via SuperTalk. Nebraska's Game and Parks Commission tracked 150 suspected wild bird cases since March 2025, with 84 during peak migration from late November to January, Nebraska Public Media reported on February 3. Wild bird detections are rising in states like New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia amid winter migration, with Cornell Ag News Center noting increased mortalities in waterfowl and raptors.

Dairy cattle cases, first seen in March 2024, have hit 1,084 across 19 states including Ohio, though none in the last 30 days per Farm and Dairy. Human risk remains low, with CDC reporting 71 U.S. cases and two deaths since 2024, mostly among those handling infected animals; no human-to-human spread.

Experts stress biosecurity: limit visitors, disinfect gear, and isolate from wild birds. Vaccines for poultry face trade hurdles, but innovations like West Virginia University's edible vaccine advance.

Globally, H5N1 circulates in wild birds and mammals, but U.S. cases dominate concerns.

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# Bird Flu Update

Highly pathogenic avian influenza continues to spread across North America as winter migration patterns intensify the risk for both wild and domestic bird populations. According to the Cornell Ag Informer, HPAI infections are expected to increase over the winter months, with wild bird mortalities peaking during this season across the United States and Canada.

In the most recent developments, Michigan reported its first domestic flock detection of 2026 on January 28th in Ottawa County, marking the state's 16th case in that county since the virus was first identified there in 2022. The Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development emphasizes that while cold temperatures persist, the virus continues circulating in wild birds, posing significant risk to poultry operations statewide.

Colorado also declared a disaster emergency this week after a presumptive positive test was confirmed at an egg-laying facility in Weld County north of Denver. The facility houses 1.3 million chickens and reported elevated mortality rates, though the exact number of infected birds remains unclear.

New York State continues monitoring the situation closely, with the state Department of Agriculture reporting 69 suspected wild bird mortalities in November and December 2025 across ten counties. Cornell's Wildlife Health Lab reports that HPAI has now been confirmed in multiple wild mammal species throughout New York, including red fox, raccoons, and bobcats, in addition to dairy cattle infections documented in other states.

Since the outbreak began in February 2022, the virus has killed over 187 million birds across all 50 states and Puerto Rico. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has documented 71 human cases with two deaths since 2024, though health officials continue to stress that widespread human infection remains unlikely.

Experts emphasize that strong biosecurity practices remain the primary defense against spread. Farmers should restrict visitor access, disinfect footwear and equipment between areas, and prevent contact between domestic and wild birds. Pasteurized milk remains safe to consume, as pasteurization kills the virus.

Researchers at West Virginia University are developing new vaccine approaches, including an edible vaccine, after receiving a two-million-dollar grant. However, current poultry vaccination remains impractical due to flock sizes and international trade concerns.

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Kansas battles nation's worst bird flu outbreak as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) surges across US farms. Over 400,000 birds are affected in Kansas alone, with cases rising in more than 10 counties including Pottawatomie, Greenwood, and Nemaha, according to the Kansas Department of Agriculture. Quarantines are in place for commercial and backyard flocks, linked to wild bird migrations, as explained by Kansas State University experts.

In Maryland, the Department of Agriculture confirmed a presumptive positive HPAI case on January 29 at a commercial broiler farm in Caroline County, the state's first in 2026. Affected birds have been depopulated, with USDA lab confirmation pending. Officials stress low risk to the public but urge biosecurity like disinfecting gear, limiting visitors, and securing feed.

Florida's Winter Springs city warned of an avian influenza outbreak after multiple duck deaths at Torcaso Park the week of January 26, prompting alerts from local parks staff to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.

Nationwide, Farm Progress America reports the HPAI strain that hit US poultry hard in late 2025 has returned with alarming intensity by January 29, threatening flocks amid ongoing wild bird spread.

No human cases reported recently, but poultry workers are advised to monitor symptoms. CDC emphasizes enhanced precautions for farms.

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Kansas hit by worst bird flu outbreak in the nation, with over 400,000 birds affected by highly pathogenic avian influenza, or HPAI, in more than 10 counties as of January 28, according to the University of Nebraska Medical Center and Kansas Department of Agriculture. Quarantines are in place in areas like Pottawatomie, Greenwood, and Nemaha counties to curb the rapidly spreading virus, which has a high death rate in poultry and is linked to wild bird migrations, experts say.

In Washington state's Grant County, a domestic cat and a backyard poultry flock tested positive for bird flu in recent weeks, marking the first such cat case in Eastern Washington not tied to contaminated pet food, per Grant County Health District reports. No human infections occurred there, but officials urge pet owners to watch for symptoms like lethargy, respiratory issues, or neurological signs in cats, and report sick birds to the state hotline.

Nationally, the CDC's latest FluView for the week ending January 17 shows no new confirmed human H5 bird flu cases, with 71 total U.S. human infections and two deaths since 2022, and no person-to-person spread detected. Seasonal flu dominates, with influenza A(H3N2) leading hospitalizations at a cumulative 55.4 per 100,000, down slightly but still high, alongside 44 pediatric deaths this season, mostly in unvaccinated kids.

Farm Progress America warns on January 29 that HPAI is devastating the poultry industry again, echoing outbreaks since 2021. Risk to humans remains low, but farm workers and those handling infected animals should use PPE and monitor for flu-like symptoms.

Health officials stress handwashing, avoiding sick animals, and flu shots to stay protected.

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